Drag coefficient (Cd) is an essential metric in the calculation of momentum exchange over the air-sea interface and thus has large impacts on the simulation or forecast of the upper ocean state associated with sea surface winds such as storm surges. Generally, Cd is a function of wind speed. However, the exact relationship between Cd and wind speed is still in dispute, and the widely-used formu...

Energy and time expenditures are determinants of bird migration strategies. Soaring birds have developed migration strategies to minimize these costs, optimizing the use of all the available resources to facilitate their displacement. We analysed the effects of different wind factors (tailwind, turbulence, vertical updrafts) on the migratory flying strategies adopted by 24 satellite-tracked Ame...

Abstract Presented work has made an attempt to establish details of connectivity of Wind Farms with isolated installations. Paper has shown ACDC-AC connectivity of wind farm through Rectifier inverter to an AC load. Mat Lab simulation results of wind farm connectivity to an AC load of lumped type is done. Developed work has focussed on necessity of energy storage during high wind situations so ...

In the past 50 years, Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) has undergone a successful transition from an emerging field into an increasingly established field in wind engineering research, practice and education. This paper provides a perspective on the past, present and future of CWE. It addresses three key illustrations of the success of CWE: (1) the establishment of CWE as an individual rese...

INTRODUCTION It seems obvious to apply spatial modelling to wind energy planning: All aspects of this renewable energy source are closely related to location and space. Wind resources are unevenly distributed over the surface of the Earth, and so is the technical, economical, environmental and socially acceptable potential of utilisation. Technological advances in the past two decades have impr...

lack of fire behavior studies and the immediate needs posed by the extent of the fire problem in forests of iran require that extensive studies be conducted to develop models to predict fire behavior in the region.in this study, farsite fire area simulator was applied to simulate spread and behavior of two real fires that had occurred in northern forests of iran during 2010 summer and fall seas...

The energy sector comprises approximately two-thirds of global total greenhouse gas emissions. For this and other reasons, renewable energy resources including wind power are being increasingly harnessed to provide electricity generation potential with negligible emissions of carbon dioxide. The wind energy resource is naturally a function of the climate system because the "fuel" is the inciden...

A permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) variable speed wind turbine connected to an electrolyzer and a battery model system is presented in this paper. Hydrogen gas could be produced from the model system, when a variable wind speed is applied to the PMSG driven variable wind turbine. The simulation results presented shows the nature of some of the variables of the PMSG wind driven turb...