Wind-driven coastal ocean upwelling supplies nutrients to the euphotic zone near the coast. Nutrients fuel the growth of phytoplankton, the base of a very productive coastal marine ecosystem [Pauly D, Christensen V (1995) Nature 374:255-257]. Because nutrient supply and phytoplankton biomass in shelf waters are highly sensitive to variation in upwelling-driven circulation, shifts in the timing ...

The first theory of wind-driven flow is that of Ekman, who assumed a uniform eddy viscosity and derived the velocity spiral that bears his name. Over the years, observations of wind stress and current have improved to the point that frictional momentum transfer in the upper ocean can be quantified. Observations of velocity spirals are reviewed to address such issues as the vertical structure an...

development of new technologies and combined with creativity and innovation, plays the fundamental role in developing of any community′s value. thus, in this research the design and production of hydroforming device was introduced. one of the best and most efficient technologies in the world of metal forming is wind turbine blade producing with hydroforming method which seems as an innovative m...

This study uses the China Coastal Waters and Adjacent Seas Reanalysis (CORA) data to investigate the interannual and decadal variability of the Yellow Sea cold watermass (YSCWM) and its relationship to climate indices including the Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). On the interannual timescale, the strong correlation between win...

[1] Weekly satellite sea surface height (SSH) anomaly data are used to clarify the mesoscale eddy characteristics in the lee of the island of Hawaii, the largest island in the Hawaiian Island chain. The lee eddy variability can be separated into two geographical regions. In the immediate lee southwest of Hawaii (Region E), eddy signals have a predominant 60 day period and a short life‐span, whe...

Recent work by S. Lentz et al. documents offshore transport in the inner shelf due to a wave-driven return flow associated with the Hasselmann wave stress (the Stokes–Coriolis force). This analysis is extended using observations from the central Oregon coast to identify the wave-driven return flow present and quantify the potential bias of wind-driven across-shelf exchange by unresolved wave-dr...

In an attempt to understand the implications of Long's " generalized dimensional analysis, " this method was applied to the problem of the wind distribution in the planetary boundary layer. The assumption was made that the equations of motion, together with an appropriate set of boundary conditions, define a unique relationship among the wind, the stress, and certain other variables and paramet...

[1] The Luzon Strait transport, as an index for the South China Sea throughflow, has attracted much attention recently. In this study the interannual variability of Luzon Strait transport is examined, using the Island Rule and results from ocean data assimilation. Transport variability obtained from these two approaches is consistent with each other. Assessment of contribution from each integra...

this paper is an attempt to numerical modeling and experimental study of air flow in the yazdi wind-towers. wind towers has been known as one of the most effective climatic elements in iranian traditional architecture. this paper is an attempt to evaluating yazdi wind-tower to discussion the two main questions: 1. what is the role of orientation of wind-towers span, regarding to climate and hei...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Because plants protect each other from wind, stand density affects both the light climate and the amount of mechanical stress experienced by plants. But the potential interactive effects of mechanical stress and canopy shading on plant growth have rarely been investigated and never in stoloniferous plants which, due to their creeping growth form, can be expected to respond d...