The article outlines the main economic ptoblems connected with birth of Free city Danzig. In particular, it studies complex relationships between city, Polish government, League Nations, and Allies about use port Danzig increasing competition Gdynia, built by government support French one some french private companies.

A substantial number of studies have extended the work on universal properties in physical systems to complex networks in social, biological, and technological systems. In this paper, we present a complex networks perspective on interfirm organizational networks by mapping, analyzing and modeling the spatial structure of a large interfirm competition network across a variety of sectors and indu...

We study dynamic Bertrand mean field games (MFG) with exhaustible capacities in which companies compete with each other using the price as the strategic variable and the interaction among the competition is through the average price. We consider both continuum mean field games and finite player games. Dynamic continuum mean field games can be modeled as a system of partial differential equation...

In recent years, bike-sharing systems have been deployed in many cities, which provide an economical lifestyle. With the prevalence of bike-sharing systems, a lot of companies join the market, leading to increasingly fierce competition. To be competitive, bike-sharing companies and app developers need to make strategic decisions for mobile apps development. Therefore, it is significant to predi...

The recent financial problems of the 2008/10 GFC and the likelihood of similar events occurring in 2012/13 has ‘spooked’ business and consumer confidence and has resulted in fierce competition in both B2C and in the derived demand companies in B2B markets. The problems are exacerbated by the very slow recovery response of developed economy business organizations, many facing competition from As...

Globalization, acute competition, the information technology revolution, and increasing customer sophistication are radically redefining environmental conditions, and, meanwhile, challenging managerial representations and traditional organizational recipes for managing intraand inter-firm relationships. Hence, we examine in this study the way companies interact with their employees and customer...

Sales promotion (SP) is an inevitable tool in the marketing communications mix, especially in the FMCG markets, due to pressures such as retailers’ growing demands and increasing competition. This has proven to be an issue for many companies, especially those with a premium brand positioning and those concerned about the impact that SP might have on the long-term image of the company. Despite t...

Science for the challenges of society. A substantial number of studies have extended the work on universal properties in physical systems to complex networks in social, biological, and technological systems. In this paper, we present a complex networks perspective on interfirm organizational networks by mapping, analyzing and modeling the spatial structure of a large inter-firm competition netw...