BACKGROUND A case definition of Gulf War illness with 3 primary variants, previously developed by factor analysis of symptoms in a US Navy construction battalion and validated in clinic veterans, identified ill veterans with objective abnormalities of brain function. This study tests prestated hypotheses of its external validity. METHODS A stratified probability sample (n = 8,020), selected f...

Lysenkoism gained favour in the Soviet Union during the 1930s and 1940s, replacing mendelian genetics. Opponents of Lysenko were dismissed from their jobs, imprisoned and, not infrequently, died. After World War II in some of the East European Soviet satellite states, Lysenkoism became the official genetics supported by the communist authorities, and thus, genetics and biology were set back man...

This article explores the themes of unity and disunity with regard to German and Jewish memories of Bukovina after the Second World War. Although one often reads in the literature that Bukovina was home to a large number of minorities, notably Jews and Germans, who lived together peacefully and harmoniously, I demonstrate the extent to which this ‘unity’ was challenged by the violent experience...

Rehabilitation goals following major combat-associated limb loss in World War II and the Vietnam war focused on treatment of the injury and a return to civilian life. The goal for Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) servicemembers is to restore function to the greatest possible degree and, if they desire, return them to Active Duty, by providing them with extensive reha...

Comrades, today I will brief you on the most significant breakthrough in intelligence collection since the “breaking” of the “unbreakable” Japanese and German cyphers in World War II—the penetration of the security of American computers. There is virtually (if not literally) no major American national defense secret which is not stored on a computer somewhere. At the same time, there are few (i...

The Party of Right, through its various activities, defined Croatian political history from the Party's beginnings in the 1860s to the end of the first World War; after 1918, a newly emergent geopolitical arena brought about by the demise of Austria-Hungary, the collapse of the Habsburg dynasty, and the predominance of Stjepan Radić's peasant ideology on the Croatian political scene relegated S...

The descriptive words “Rehabilitation Engineering” were not used widely, if at all, in America until the late 1960s and early 1970s, and then mostly by persons who had first been involved with prosthetics research and development immediately after World War II. Rehabilitation engineering in America owes its birth to the federal agencies that fostered its development after they had been so succe...

Physicians have conducted research on syphilis for centuries, seeking to understand its etiology and the means of transmission as well as find ways to prevent and cure the disease. Their research practices often strayed from today's ethical standards. In this paper we review ethical aspects of the long history of research on syphilis with emphasis on the experiments performed in the 20th centur...

Casualties from the Western Front during the First World War were often evacuated to base hospitals on the northern coast of France for more advanced and specialist care. These temporary base hospitals frequently had more than 1,000 beds and were typically staffed by older, more senior doctors than were present nearer the front line. The 13th Stationary Hospital opened in October 1914 on the Bo...