We conducted an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to identify brain regions that are recruited by linguistic stimuli requiring relatively demanding semantic or syntactic processing. We included 54 functional MRI studies that explicitly varied the semantic or syntactic processing load, while holding constant demands on earlier stages of processing. We included studies that int...

A writing system is a visual notation system wherein a repertoire of marks, or strokes, is used to build a repertoire of characters. Are there any commonalities across writing systems concerning the rules governing how strokes combine into characters; commonalities that might help us identify selection pressures on the development of written language? In an effort to answer this question we exa...

Researchers, the Deaf community, teachers of deaf children and speech and language therapists all share a concern about how to improve deaf children’s written language skills. One part of literacy is story writing or narrative. A fi nding from a small number of studies is that children exposed to sign language from early childhood onwards achieve the highest level of bilingualism and become ski...

The freedom to choose is integral to our daily lives, directs our interactions with patients, and is a key component of our conduct of human-subjects research. Most of the historical errors and atrocities in human experimentation had at their core a failure of consent. In response to those events, national and international law developed to direct researchers to a process of informed consent to...

This article offers a developmental theory of language and the neural systems that lead to and subserve linguistic capabilities. Early perceptual experience and discontinuities in linguistic development suggest that language develops in four phases that occur in a fixed, interdependent sequence. In each phase of language, a unique ontogenetic function is accomplished. These functions have propr...

Designing an online help facility is diierent from writing a paper manual. The design principles for online documentation diier from those for written documentation, although often the same people are responsible for both tasks. In this paper we shortly discuss general principles and guidelines for the design of online documentation and we illustrate them by evaluating the design of an online h...

PURPOSE To compare a template-driven medical documentation system to undirected handwritten documentation and determine whether the template (1) decreases physician evaluation time, (2) increases gross billing, and (3) increases physician satisfaction with the documentation process. METHODS A prospective randomized trial of documentation with a template system (T-System for Primary Care, Dall...

BACKGROUND Down syndrome, phonological awareness, writing and working memory. AIM to evaluate the phonological awareness of Brazilian children with Down syndrome; to analyze the relationship between the writing hypothesis and the phonological awareness scores of the participants; to compare the performance of children with Down syndrome to that of children with typical development according t...

In order to improve Web Information Retrieval, we have, in a previous work (Aires et al., 2004), investigated the use of stylistic features of Web texts in Portuguese to classify web pages according to users’ needs, using in most of the experiments the classification algorithm J48 (the Weka implementation of C4.5). From that study, we concluded that it was possible to identify some of the categ...