X-Ray diffraction is the only method currently available for the determination of the detailed three-dimensional structure of macromolecules. In this article, the principles behind the use of X-ray crystallography in the study of protein structure are presented. The results obtained in its application to several enzymes are discussed, as well as the limitations of the method.

a facile co-precipitation method for the synthesis of well-dispersed ndfeo3 nanocrystals is developed in the presence of octanoic acid as surfactant. co-precipitation can produce fine, high-purity, stoichiometric particles of single and multicomponent metal oxides. the product is characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microsc...

solid solutions of ag-cu were prepared via ball milling process, for about 5-30 h. the cu-20at%ag and cu-3.64at%ag composition were investigated by x-ray diffraction technique. it was realized that the solid solubility level could be increased by increasing the initial solute content in the mixture. in addition, shifts in peak positions of silver and copper were observed with milling time. the ...

An X-ray diffraction line will broaden considerably when steels change into martensitic structure on quenching. The results presented in this paper show that X-ray diffraction technique can be employed for a rapid and nondestructive measurement of hardness of hardened steel. Measurement on various quenched and tempered steels showed that the breadth of its diffraction peak increased with increa...