The optimal conditions for the torrefaction of mixed softwood were investigated by response surface methodology. This showed that the chemical composition of torrefied biomass was influenced by the severity factor of torrefaction. The lignin content in the torrefied biomass increased with the SF, while holocellulose content decreased. Similarly, the carbon content energy value of torrefied biom...

For autonomous, nonlinear, smooth optimal control systems on n-dimensional manifolds we investigate the relationship between the discounted and the average yield optimal value of infinite horizon problems. It is shown that the value functions of discounted problems converge to the value function of the average yield problem as the discount rate tends to zero, if there exist approximately optima...

A batch anaerobic test was conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculum/substrate ratios (ISRs) on the methane yield and orthophosphate release from the anaerobic digestion of Microcystis spp. The results demonstrated an obvious influence on methane yield and orthophosphate release by ISR. The maximum methane yield decreased from 140.48 to 94.42 mL/gVS when the ISR decreased from 2.0 to 0.5. T...

a split plot experiment based on complete block design with three replications was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation and potassium fertilizer on yield and yield components of green beans, in 2011 at ahvaz. two levels of irrigation (normal irrigation and drought) and four levels of potassium sulfate fertilizer (0, 25, 50 and 100 kg ha-1) were evaluated in this study. the results o...

ABSTRACT-Several herbicides are registered for selective weed control in sugar beet; however, no single chemical herbicide can control all weeds in beet fields. Frequently, two or more herbicides may have to be combined sequentially or as tank mixed to achieve adequate broad-spectrum weed control. In order to evaluate the effects of some combinations of broadleaf herbicides on sugar beet yield ...