This note describes a simple scheme for analytical estimation of the surface-layer similarity functions from state variables. What distinguishes this note from the many previous papers on this topic is that this method is specifically targeted for numerical models in which simplicity and economic execution are critical. In addition, it has been in use in a mesoscale meteorological model for sev...

Abstract. The aerodynamic roughness length (z0) is an important parameter in the bulk approach for calculating turbulent fluxes and their contribution to ice melt. However, z0 estimates heavily crevassed tidewater glaciers are rare or only generalised. This study used uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) map inaccessible glacier front areas. high-resolution images were utilised a structure-from-moti...

Abstract. Temporal and spatial variations of the surface aerodynamic roughness lengths (Z0 m) in Nagqu area northern Tibetan Plateau were analysed 2008, 2010 2012 using MODIS satellite data situ atmospheric turbulence observations. Surface calculated from turbulent observations by a single-height ultrasonic anemometer retrieved Massman model. The results showed that Z0 m has an apparent charact...