In this paper we are concerned with the following question: for a semigroup S, what is the largest size of a subsemigroup T ≤ S where T has a given property? The semigroups S that we consider are the full transformation semigroups; all mappings from a finite set to itself under composition of mappings. The subsemigroups T that we consider are of one of the following types: left zero, right zero...

As confirmed by some recent LEP data on φ, K∗ and D∗ production, final state interactions in quark fragmentation may give origin to non-zero values of the offdiagonal element ρ1,−1 of the helicity density matrix of vector mesons produced in ee annihilations: we give estimates for ρ1,−1 of vector mesons with a large xE and collinear with the parent jet, relating its size and sign to the associat...

Methods of constructing Z-complementary sequence sets are described. Different from those constructions using complementary sequences as a kernel, the proposed constructions are based on sequences with periodic and aperiodic zero-correlation zone (PAZCZ). These PAZCZ sequences are unitary sequences, not complementary sequences. By means of interleaving iteration and orthogonal matrix expansion ...

The hyperfine effect in muon capture rate is analyzed with taking into account of the second-order terms in 1/M in the non-relativistic Hamiltonian. It is shown that in the situation of the dominance of the squared first-order terms the interference of zero-order and second-order terms has no significant influence. General expression for neutrino (recoil nucleus) angular distribution in muon ca...

In 1971 a “missing memristor” was proposed by a circuit theorist named Leon Chua as a 4 fundamental passive circuit element defined by a non-linear relationship between electric charge and magnetic flux linkage. In 2008 a research group from Hewlett-Packard led by Stan Williams claimed credit for finding this “missing memristor” based on the observation of a zero-crossing hysteresis effect. I r...

Given a closed polygonal contour with N+3 vertices in IR q (q 2) there is a one to one correspondence between the zeros of r and minimal surfaces spanned by ?, where () := inf v2X() D(v) (2 T IR N) denotes Shiiman's function for the polygon ? and D denotes Dirichlet's Integral. We derive an explicit expression for r h , where h () := inf v2X h () D(v) with suitable nite element spaces X h (). F...

We deene a nite relation algebra and show that the network satisfaction problem is undecidable for this algebra 1. be a relation algebra (see JT52] for the original ax-iomatisation or Mad91] for an introduction to relation algebra). An atom a of A is a minimal, non-zero element. At(A) denotes the set of all atoms of A. A is atomic if for all non-zero a 2 A there exists 2 At(A) with a. In the fo...

Given an algebra M we may adjoin an isolated zero to form an algebra M∞ satisfying all identities u ≈ v true in M for which u and v contain the same variables. Drawing on the structure theory of P lonka sums, we show that if M is a finite, dualisable algebra which is strongly irregular, then M∞ is also dualisable. Turning the construction of M∞ upside-down for the two-element left-zero band, we...

There are many methods for the analysis and design of embedded cantilever retaining walls. They involve various different simpli®cations of the net pressure distribution to allow calculation of the critical retained height. In the UK, it is commonly assumed that net pressure consists of the sum of the active and passive limiting pressure values. In the USA, the net pressure is commonly simpli®e...

We consider the application of primal-dual interior methods to the optimization of systems arising in the finite-element discretization of a class of elliptic variational inequalities. These problems lead to very large (possibly non-convex) optimization problems with upper and lower bound constraints. When interior methods are applied to the discretized problem, the resulting linear systems hav...