BACKGROUND The terms counterclockwise (CC) and clockwise (C) atrial flutter (Afl) are used to describe right atrial activation around the tricuspid valve in the left anterior oblique view. The manner in which the left atrium is activated, as reflected by coronary sinus (CS) recordings, has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine patients with both CC and C Afl underwent el...

Multiple cis-acting regulatory elements consisting of three cellular enhancers and a proximal promoter element have been identified in the region upstream of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene. We examined the role of these sequences during differentiation by the introduction of modified AFP genes into cells at different stages of commitment to its expression. Modified AFP genes introduced ...

The receptor for macropbage colony stimulating factor (CSF-1), the c-f ms gene product, is a key determinant in the differentiation of monocytic phagocytes. Dissection of the human and mouse c-frns proximal promoters revealed opposing roles for nuclear protooncogenes in the transcriptional regulation of this gene. On the one hand, c-ets-I, c-ets-2, and the macrophagespecific factor PU.1, but no...

PURPOSE To evaluate whether peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) with a proximal valve have any advantage compared to those with a distal valve in regard to the incidence of occlusion, infection, or malfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred patients (mean age, 46 y) were randomized to receive either a distal-valved Bard Groshong catheter (n = 48) or a proximal-valved Catheter ...

The ST2 gene was originally identified as a primary responsive gene induced by stimulation with growth factors and by oncogenic stress. The ST2 gene harbors two distinct promoters - a distal promoter and a proximal promoter. In this study, we identified a novel type of serum-responsive element in the ST2 proximal promoter using reporter gene analysis; this element includes a possible responsive...

In hippocampal pyramidal neurons, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels open in response to action potentials. This results in elevations in the intracellular concentration of Ca(2+) that are maximal in the proximal apical dendrites and decrease rapidly with distance from the soma. The control of these action potential-evoked Ca(2+) elevations is critical for the regulation of hippocampal neuronal acti...

recurrent dislocation is not common in small joints. this report presents a new case of chronic recurrent dislocation of proximal interphalangeal joint of the finger in which soft tissue injuries have a role in the dislocation. the patient was a 23 years old man who had referred to our center because of recurrent dislocation of proximal interphalangeal joint of his right ring finger during spor...