نتایج جستجو برای: ایران طبقهبندی jel c22
تعداد نتایج: 161826 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
واکنش دوسویه رشد اقتصادی و کیفیت محیط زیست به همدیگر، موضوع بحث برانگیزی است که از دهه 1990 مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. فشار بر محیط زیست بهواسطه فعالیت های بشری نه تنها از جنبه زیست محیطی اهمیت دارد، بلکه از نظر اقتصادی نیز مهم است. در ایران بهدلیل وجود منابع انرژی فراوان در استفاده از آن ها برای انجام فعالیت های اقتصادی اتلاف و اسراف وجود دارد که این امر منجر به افزایش آلودگی های زیست محیطی م...
We investigate the effects of outliers on the KPSS tests. We find that for nonstationary series outliers induce spurious stationarity by lowering the power of these tests. The empirical size of these tests is also found to be sensitive to the location of the outlier. JEL classification: C15, C22
This paper estimates the speed of the adjustment coefficient in structural error correction models (ECM) and employs a system method for real exchange rates with Hansen and Sargent’s (1980, 1982) IV methods. Empirical results show that the half-lives of purchasing power parity deviations are less than one year in most cases. JEL classification: C22, F31, F41
This study shows that annual output data of the G7 countries in the twentieth century are better characterized as transitory deviations from a (shifting) growth trend than as integrated processes. Furthermore, I find no two countries share common business cycles. JEL classification: C22, E32, 057
Li, Maddala, and Rush (1995) proposed a low-pass spectral filter method to estimate cointegrating vectors in small samples. This paper tests the effectiveness of the approach in the presence of measurement error. Two other methods, valid under the assumption of stationarity, are also tested. Email: [email protected], [email protected] Keyword: Measurement error, cointegrating vector, filter...
In this paper, I find that real U.S. GDP is better characterized as a trend stationary Markov-switching process than as having a (regime-dependent) unit root. I examine the effects of both assumptions on the analysis of business cycle features and their implications for the persistence of the dynamic response of output to a random disturbance. JEL Classification: E32, C22, E27.
The standard linear technique of impulse response function analysis is extended to the nonlinear case by de"ning a generalized impulse response function. Measures of persistence and asymmetry in response are constructed for a wide class of time series. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classixcation: C22; C51; C52; E32
This paper provides a theoretical functional representation of the density function related to the DickeyFuller random variable. The approach is extended to cover the multivariate case in two special frameworks: the independence and the perfect correlation of the series. key words: Dickey-Fuller distribution, unit root JEL codes: C12, C16, C22
We examine the asymptotic behavior of unit root tests against nonlinear alternatives of the exponential smooth transition type if the data is erroneously nonlinearly transformed. We show analytically and by a Monte Carlo study that the probability of rejecting the correct null of a random walk depends heavily on the type of data transformation. JEL-Numbers: C12, C22, F31
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