Goal-driven autonomy (GDA) agents reason about goals while introspectively examining if their course of action matches their expectations. Many GDA agents adopt a hierarchical planning model to generate plans but limit reasoning with expectations to individual actions or projecting the expected state. In this paper we present a relaxation of this limitation. Taking advantage of hierarchical pla...

The study was conducted to assess the level of understanding and the ability to extract information from a nutrition information panel (NIP) among women (n = 232, 20-59 years) in the Klang Valley, an urban area in Malaysia. The study involved the currently used format in Malaysia and three other formats, namely (i) based on Guideline Daily Amount (GDA), (ii) Multiple Traffic Light (MTL) and (ii...

BACKGROUND The maternal-fetal interface has a unique immunological response towards the implanting placenta. It is generally accepted that a T-helper type-2 (Th-2) cytokine prevailing environment is important in pregnancy. The proportion of Th-2 cells in the peripheral blood and decidua is significantly higher in pregnant women in the first trimester than in non-pregnant women. Glycodelin-A (Gd...

To evaluate the effect of glucagon degrading activity (GDA) on radioimmunoassay (RIA) of glucagon, I measured GDAs in plasma, serum, lysed red blood cells (RBC), and suspension of mononuclear cells and granulocytes. Serum levels of GDA in patients with various diseases were also examined. 1. Serum GDA values in normal subjects (control) measured by TCA precipitation method were 4.6 +/- 2.2% (me...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Pseudoaneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) are rare and mostly associated with pancreatitis. However, they can occur as a possible complication following gastric or pancreatic surgery and thus prior recognition and prompt treatment is mandatory (Lee et al., 2009 [1]). We report a case of a ruptured GDA aneurysm in a patient who underwent roux-en-y-cystojejunostomy for...

An implementation for parametric snakes used for object tracking is proposed via generalized deterministic annealing (GDA). Given an arbitrary energy functional that quantifies the quality of the contour solution, GDA computes the snake position by approximating the solution given by stochastic simulated annealing. First, the Markov chain representing the solution space for the snake position i...

Goal-Driven Autonomy (GDA) is a model for online planning extended with dynamic goal selection. GDA has been investigated in the context of numerous abstract planning domains, and there has been recent interest in applying GDA to control unmanned vehicles. In robotic domains, certain continuous state features from sensor data must be modeled for reasoning. However, modeling these features preci...

Data ω-words are ω-words where each position is additionally labelled by a data value from an infinite alphabet. They can be seen as graphs equipped with two sorts of edges: ‘next position’ and ‘next position with the same data value’. Based on this view, an extension of Data Automata called Generalized Data Automata (GDA) is introduced. While the decidability of emptiness of GDA is open, the d...

Goal Driven Autonomy (GDA) is an agent model for reasoning about goals while acting in a dynamic environment. Since anomalous events may cause an agent’s current goal to become invalid, GDA agents monitor the environment for such anomalies. When domains are both partially observable and dynamic, agents must reason about sensing and planning actions. Previous GDA work evaluated agents in domains...

We present LUiGi-H a goal-driven autonomy (GDA) agent. Like other GDA agents it introspectively reasons about its own expectations to formulate new goals. Unlike other GDA agents, LUiGi-H uses cases consisting of hierarchical plans and semantic annotations of the expectations of those plans. Expectations indicate conditions that must be true when parts of the plan are executed. Using an ontolog...