We conducted a nationwide surveillance of the variable 5' emm-like (M-like protein gene) sequences from 214 pharyngeal group C and group G streptococci. Almost 75% of the isolates exhibited emm or emm-like sequences previously described. We identified six new 5' emm-like regions, and almost 23% of the isolates were nontypeable. Five emm-like sequences accounted for more than 50% of the isolates...

In order to clarify the functional role of individual ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungal species in the field, we need to relate their abundance and distribution as mycorrhizas to their abundance and distribution as extramatrical mycelium (EMM). We divided each of four 20 cm x 20 cm x 2 cm slices of pine forest soil into 100 cubes of 2 cm x 2 cm. For each cube, ectomycorrhizas were identified and the...

Beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci cause a considerable invasive disease burden and sometimes cause disease outbreaks. Little is known about the critical epidemiologic parameter of genetic relatedness between isolates. We determined the emm types of 334 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates, and attempted emm typing of 5 Streptococcus canis isolates from a recent populat...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A limited number of biotypes, T-types, and emm-types have been found to be associated with invasive isolates of group A streptococci, confirming the involvement of the M protein in virulence and its importance as an epidemiological marker. In this study, the epidemiological markers in the clinical isolates of group A streptococci were compared in invasive and non invasiv...

BACKGROUND Group A Streptococcus (GAS) strain diversity varies across different regions of the world, according to low versus high-income countries. These differences may be related to geographic, environmental, socioeconomic, or host-related factors. However, local factors may also affect strain diversity. We compared the emm types of GAS isolates from children with and without sore throat in ...

Requirements engineering is an important component of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects. We propose: (1) An ERP maturity model (EMM) for assessing the ERP maturity within the organization and (2) A Requirements Engineering (RE) method to capture the requirements from the different types of users of an ERP system, verifying and validating them. The EMM consists of three levels and each...

PURPOSE To evaluate macular function before and after surgical peeling of idiopathic epimacular membrane (EMM). METHODS Logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution visual acuity and results of focal (central 9 x 9 degrees) electroretinogram (fERG), pattern electroretinogram (pERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessment of macular volume were evaluated for 22 eyes of 22 patients (...

Background Electromechanical mapping (EMM) of the left ventricle (LV) provides voltage and contractility information of the LV (based on linear local shortening, LLS). Although EMM parameters show excellent correlation with viability data by MRI, little information is available regarding performance of EMM for assessment of regional and global LV function. The purposes of our study were: a) to ...

The emm genes are members of a gene family in group A streptococci (GAS) that encode for antiphagocytic cell-surface proteins and/or immunoglobulin-binding proteins. Previously sequenced genes in this family have been named "emm," "fcrA," "enn," "arp," "protH," and "mrp"; herein they will be referred to as the "emm gene family." The genes in the emm family are located in a cluster occupying 3-6...