This research aims to identify the common errors in reading Arabic texts among students and their causes. As for method, researcher used a descriptive analytical method. Observation, interview, documentation were collect data. After carried out scientific research, I found that mistakes of learner are divided into two types, namely, grammatical morphological errors. Grammatical most frequent te...

لقد أخذ مفهوم (الآخَر) مدياته من خلال الاتساع بمرور الزمن وتطور المجتمعات والمفاهيم العامة، فهو أعمق القول: "هذا آخَرُ، وهذه أُخْرَى"([i])، أو "بمعنى غَيْر"([ii])، بل بدأ يأخذ أصناف شتى حتى قيل: إنه "عدة أصناف، منه مَنْ يختلف في الدين، وفي العرق، اللون، المستوى الاجتماعي كالفقير والخادم والجارية وغيرهم"([iii])، مقاييس مختلفة "داخلية كالنساء بالقياس إلى الرجال، والفقراء الأغنياء، خارجية المجتمع بصورة أعم"...

In this study, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) characteristics in photonic crystal fibers are investigated. The effect of channel spacing, phase mismatching, and fiber length on FWM efficiency have been studied. The variation of idler frequency which obtained by this technique with pumping and signal wavelengths has been discussed. The effect of fiber dispersion has been taken into account; we obtain th...

ةـصلاخلا : يوتحت لا و ةضفخنملا ةقاطلا تاذ تادحولا نم ديدعلا ىلع ةيكلسلالا تارعشتسملا ةكبش ةلصوب ةدوزم سلا ةيكل ثيح ، اهنيب اميف لاصتلال إ نكمي تارعشتسملا كلت ن دختسا ا اهم تا قيبطتلا نم د يدعلا يف . م ت د قو ا هتبقارم دار ملا ة قطنملا ى لع يئاوشع لكشب تارعشتسملا عيزوت ثحبلا اذه يف ا م لكش ب اهميس قت و إ ى ل ةدحاو لآ يوتحت ثيح ،ةقرفتم تانايب دعاوقآ لمعتل تاعومجم ة يناكم تا نايب ى لع تارعش تسمل...

According to J.A.N. Lee in 1996, computer scientists “are reaching the stage of development where each new generation of participants is unaware both of their overall technological ancestry and the history of the development of their speciality, and have no past to build upon” [1, p.54]. A technically and historically accurate account, as attempted here, can help us, computer scientists, grasp ...

A new general reaction for the preparation of isomerically pure hydroxyalkylated C(60) monoadducts, via the free radical photochemical addition of alcohols to [60]fullerene, is described.

The formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for the first time, two decades ago, demonstrating the assembly on charged substrates in a very simple and efficient way, has proven to be a reliable method to obtain structures tunable at the nanometer scale. Much effort has been put into the assembly of these structures for their use in biological applications. A number of these efforts have...