Ghost variables are assignable variables that appear in program annotations but do not correspond to physical entities. They are used to facilitate specification and verification, e.g., by using a ghost variable to count the number of iterations of a loop, and also to express extra-functional behaviours. In this paper we give a formal model of ghost variables and show how they can be eliminated...

hemiscorpius lepturus belonging to hemiscorpiidae family is the most venomous of all types of scorpion existing in south west of iran causing hemoglobinuria and dermal lesions by envenomation. we compare the hemolytic pattern upon time in different domestic animals upon time according to their different sphingomyelin contents. in addition other in vitro hematologic parameters, platelet lysis, c...

The dependence of the gluon and ghost propagator in pure SU(3) gauge theory on the choice of Gribov copies in Landau gauge is studied. Simulations were performed on several lattice sizes at β = 5.8, 6.0 and 6.2. In the infrared region the ghost propagator turns out to depend on the choice, while the impact on the gluon propagator is not resolvable. Also the eigenvalue distribution of the Faddee...

The color matrix elements of the ghost triangle diagram that appears in the triple gluon vertex and the ghost-ghost-gluon triangle diagram that appears in the ghost-gluon-ghost vertex are calculated. The ghost-ghost-gluon triangle contains a loop consisting of two color diagonal ghosts and one gluon and a loop consisting of two color antisymmetric ghosts and one gluon. Consequently, the pQCD ar...

We compare the performance of high-order thermal ghost imaging with that of conventional (that is, lowest-order) thermal ghost imaging for different data processing methods. Particular attention is given to high-order thermal ghost imaging with background normalization and conventional ghost imaging with background subtraction. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the ghost image is used as the...

An attempt was made to find out the nature of catalase coritained in the red cell, especially in the ghost, For this the red cell ghost isolated were washed several times with CO2-saturated water or deionized water and the catalase activity per gram protein of the ghost was estimated. It was found that despite several washings, the catalase activity/gram protein of the ghost do not decrease as ...

A solvable systematic truncation scheme for the Dyson–Schwinger equations of Euclidean QCD in Landau gauge is presented. It implements the Slavnov–Taylor identities for the three–gluon and ghost–gluon vertices, whereas irreducible four–gluon couplings as well as the gluon–ghost and ghost–ghost scattering kernels are neglected. The infrared behavior of gluon and ghost propagators is obtained ana...

background: the purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of ghost and honorary authors and its determinant factors in bio-medical journals of iran. methods: the study was done in 2009-10 in tehran, kerman, and iran medical universities, iran.  we contacted the first or corresponding authors of the papers had published papers in the recent two issues of iranian journal of public health...

Introduction Ghost imaging is a newly proposed methodology for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) that eliminates the need for image subtraction. Using a 3D pulse sequence that acquires slices outside of the body, the method works by modulating arterial signal to produce ghost artifacts. Arterial ghost artifacts localizing in air outside of the body are then processed and viewed along multipl...

The substantial number of ghost possessions that came to our attention during fieldwork in a North Indian village in 1977-78 led to a thorough study of ghost beliefs as part of a holistic study of village life. Ghosts are not phantoms floating on the periphery of village life, the concern only of children and the credulous. Rather, the study shows that ghosts are linked with basic Hindu beliefs...