In order to sample marginalized and/or hard-to-reach populations, respondent-driven sampling (RDS) and similar techniques reach their participants via peer referral. Under a Markov model for RDS, previous research has shown that if the typical participant refers too many contacts, then the variance of common estimators does not decay like O(n−1), where n is the sample size. This implies that co...

Iron overload has been measured in 100 hepatic biopsies by three different methods: (i) biochemical assay of the liver iron concentration (LIC), (ii) histological grading (HISTO) and (iii) automated image analysis with a Leitz Texture Analysis System by estimating two parameters, (a) the total iron area (TIA) and (b) the first grey level step (FGLS) at which the iron is detected. Image analysis...

There are approximately 10,000 births per year in the county of Oxfordshire in the UK, which is one of the two European sites for the International Fetal and Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21(st) Century (INTERGROWTH-21(st) ) Project. The samples for both components of the project--the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) and Newborn Cross-Sectional Study (NCSS)--were drawn from the John R...

Homogenization‐based topology optimization (HMTO) is one of the most extensively used grading methods to generate functionally graded lattice structures (FGLs). However, it requires a precharacterization lattices, which time‐consuming. As remedy, free‐size optimization‐based generation (FOGLG) explored as an alternative method FGLs. This article builds on authors’ previous work in HMTO and FOGL...

Turin, Italy, was one of the two European sites for the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. The sample for the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study (NCSS) was drawn from two obstetric hospitals that together account for 79% of the city's approximately 12,000 births per year. Women were recruited for the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) from ten antenatal clinics serving the city's largest obstetric hosp...

The North American site in the INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project was North Seattle, Washington State, USA. The majority of the data were collected from within Seattle City, which has approximately 12 300 births per year. The sample for the Newborn Cross-Sectional Study (NCSS) was drawn from two hospitals (Swedish Medical Center and the University of Washington) covering almost 80% of deliveries within...

The next-generation medical implants require locally customised biomechanical behaviour to echo the properties of hard tissues, making additive manufacturing (AM) an ideal route due its superior flexibility. AM titanium alloys with designed porosity is mainstream for artificial implants, which, however, hardly balance strength-modulus combination. Here a martensitic TiNi biomaterial low modulus...