Pioneering in the metabolism of noncultivable mycobacteria , Gray ( 5), Hanks (6), and Hanks and Gray ( 8) searched systematically for s u bst ra te s as prospective e ne rgy sources for M. leprae (MI) and M. lepraemurium (Mlm). After several years of investigations , they concluded that MI and Mlm cannot derive energy from substrates which cultivable mycobacteria use as energy sources for grow...

Research in estimating multilevel models (MLM) from complex survey data is quite recent. Not only has this research resulted in several popular software packages incorporating sampling weights into estimating MLM, but it has emphasized an important point often overlooked by both analysts and providers of the survey data: the sampling weights used for multilevel analysis need to be constructed d...

Recognition of human activities aims a wide diversity of applications. However, identifying complicated activities continues a challenging and active research area. In this work, we assess a new approach of feature selection for human activity recognition. For the task, we also compare state-of-the-art classifiers, e.g., Bayes classifier, kNN, MLP, SVM, MLM and MLM-NN. Based on the experiments,...

Streptococcal preparation, OK-432, was examined for its therapeutic effect on experimental infection due to Mycobacterium lepraemurium (Mlm) in mice, When C3H/Jms mice (Mlm-sensitive strain) were infected with 108 Mlm to the left hind footpad, weekly injections of OK-432 via the peritoneal route (0. 1 mg dry weight per injection), it considerably enhanced elimination of organisms from the infec...

We refine an active-database application taxonomy, proposed by Stonebraker, to include monotonic log monitoring applications (MLM). MLMs are a subclass of hard rule systems where triggering events are restricted to monotonic relations. We develop a formal semantic model for the MLM class. We then prove the correctness of concurrency schemes for applications within the model. Our results demonst...

The max-log-map (MLM) receiver is an approximated version of the well-known, Bahl-Cocke-Jelinek-Raviv (BCJR) algorithm. The MLM algorithm is attractive due to its implementation simplicity. In practice, sliding-window implementations are preferred; these practical implementations consider truncated signaling neighborhoods around each transmission time instant. In this paper, we consider the bin...

ABSTRACT The mixed linear model (MLM) is an advanced statistical technique applicable to many fields of science. The multivariate MLM can be used to model longitudinal data, such as repeated ratings of disease resistance taken across time. In this study, using an example data set from a multi-environment trial of northern leaf blight disease on 290 maize lines with diverse levels of resistanc...

Intelligent tutoring systems yield data with many properties that render it potentially ideal to examine using multi-level models (MLM). Repeated observations with dependencies may be optimally examined using MLM because it can account for deviations from normality. This paper examines the applicability of MLM to data from the intelligent tutoring system Writing-Pal using intraclass correlation...

MOOCs have brought a revolution to education. However, their impact is mainly benefiting people with Higher Education degrees. The lack of support and personalized advice in MOOCs is causing that many of the learners that have not developed work habits and selflearning skills give them up at the first obstacle, and do not see MOOCs as an alternative for their education and training. MyLearningM...

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is a popular way of assessing mediation effects with clustered data. Two important limitations of this approach have been identified in prior research and a theoretical rationale has been provided for why multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) should be preferred. However, to date, no empirical evidence of MSEM’s advantages relative to MLM approaches for multil...