A lock exchange experiment is used to investigate the propagation of gravity currents through a random array of rigid, emergent cylinders which represents a canopy of aquatic plants. As canopy drag increases, the propagating front varies from the classic profile of an unobstructed gravity current to a triangular profile. Unlike the unobstructed lock exchange, the gravity current in the canopy d...

Abstract A field measurement campaign was conducted in the North Lock of IJmuiden, which density distribution lock chamber and resulting mooring forces were measured. The innovative system ShoreTension applied a navigation for first time to investigate possible ways increase safety process. Density measurements provided valuable insight governing hydraulic processes during levelling lock-exchan...

A customer experiences “lock-in” when switching costs exceed the potential incremental value of alternative suppliers’ products over its current supplier’s product. Customers may regret this state of affairs if they would have been better off having secured the alternative product from the start, or more simply, if the switching costs were substantially lower than the incremental value of the a...

Many Internet vendors have realized the importance of “locking-in” online customers in order to ensure their profitability. For this reason, many researchers have paid attention to the formation of switching costs which acting as a barrier that prevent customers from easily changing from one vendor to another. Erection of switching barriers will represent an important strategy for locking in cu...