Taking advantage of the structure of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), we study the tradeoff between efficiency and equity associated with different levels of discretionary power when delegating regulatory authority to lower levels of government. Exploiting an instrumental variables approach, we provide evidence that the benefits of the 1990 CAAA were highly localized and accrued dispro...

Pollution Abatement and Control Expenditure in Romania: A Multilevel Analysis The transition process in Central and Eastern Europe was associated with growing environmental awareness. This paper analyses the determinants of Pollution Abatement and Control Expenditure (PACE) at plant level in the case of Romania using survey data and a Multilevel Regression Model (MRM). Our findings suggest that...

Yearly allocations to EPA Superfund cleanups are relatively fixed, but like other federal agencies, the EPA is given significant flexibility over where to clean sites that do not pose an immediate threat to human health. Given that Superfund cleanups are associated with local economic benefits, such as increased housing values, we show in a theoretical model that spatially heterogeneous economi...

This paper estimates the social costs of job loss due to environmental regulation. Per job lost, potential social costs of job loss are high, plausibly over $100,000 in present value costs (2012 dollars) per permanently lost job. However, these social costs will typically be far less than the earnings associated with lost jobs, because labor markets and workers adjust, increased leisure has som...

International markets for tradable emission permits (TEP) co-exist with national energy taxation. A firm trading emission permits in the international market also pays energy taxes in its host country, thus creating an interaction between the international TEP-market and national energy taxes. In this paper we model that interaction in a framework of a perfectly competitive international TEP-ma...

The purpose of the study is to investigate management behaviour in reporting CSER activities and factors that influence their decision case Libyan Oil Gas industry. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 managers working industry Libya. transcribed then analyzed using thematic approach. findings revealed recognize companies’ social environment responsibility, on a self-moti...

This present study aims at analyzing how microfinance affects household income of its participants as well to find out the factors that influence adopt loan for which a logit model was applied. run on three villages Daulatpur Upazila Kushtia district namely Khalishakundi, Malipara and Silimpur from 350 respondents were chosen randomly. The result reveals Age (p<0.05), size (p<0.01) credit...

When considering adoption of a domestic climate change policy, politicians and the public frequently refer to concerns about competitiveness. Competitiveness in this context does not have a precise economic definition. In this article, we discuss possible ways to anchor the concept of competitiveness in economic analysis. This framework then serves as the basis of a systematic survey the litera...

The Urban Informal Sector (UIS) is a major and expanding part of developing economies both in terms of employment and output. However, they cause substantial environmental damages and worsen living conditions, prompting authorities to impose rigid environmental regulations. Yet, these steps have been mostly arbitrary and based on adhoc popular sentiment or political exigencies and not on rigoro...

This paper studies how learning through opinion leaders and social networks influences demand for non-traditional cookstoves – a technology with important health and environmental consequences in low-income countries. Specifically, we conduct field experiments in rural Bangladesh to assess how (1) learning the stove adoption choices of locally-identified “opinion leaders” and (2) learning about...