Equine influenza virus (EIV) is considered the most important respiratory pathogen of horses as outbreaks of the disease lead to substantial economic losses. The H3N8 EIV has caused respiratory disease in horses across the world, including South American countries. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences for the complete haemagglutinin gene of the H3N8 EIV detected in South America since 19...

Equine influenza virus (EIV) causes a highly contagious disease in horses and other equids. Recently, we isolated an H3N8 EIV (A/equine/Kyonggi/SA1/2011) from a domestic horse in South Korea that exhibited symptoms of respiratory disease, and found that the EIV strain contained a naturally mutated NS gene segment encoding a truncated NS1 protein. In order to determine whether there was an assoc...

We analyzed the complete genome sequence containing the 3' and 5' noncoding regions (NCRs) of the Korean H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV), which will provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis, transmission, and evolution of EIV.

Exercised-induced vasculitis (EIV) is an underreported and frequently misdiagnosed condition that occurs on the lower extremities shortly after exercise. Most reported cases have presented in healthy-appearing individuals, but some cases have been linked to other disease processes. A case report is presented of recurring EIV in a 65-year-old woman with a history of dermatitis herpetiformis; chr...

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of a reporter gene/probe system, namely the human estrogen receptor ligand binding domain (hERL)/16α-[(18)F] fluoro-17β-estradiol ((18)F-FES), for monitoring gene and cell therapy. METHODS The recombinant adenovirus vector Ad5-hERL-IRES-VEGF (Ad-EIV), carrying a reporter gene (hERL) and a therapeutic gene (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF165) throug...

In the horse, conventional inactivated or subunit vaccines against equine influenza virus (EIV) induce a short-lived antibody-based immunity to infection. Alternative strategies of vaccination have been subsequently developed to mimic the long-term protection induced by natural infection with the virus. One of these approaches is the use of immune-stimulating complex (ISCOM)-based vaccines. ISC...

Equine influenza viruses (EIV)-H3N8 continue to circulate in equine population throughout the world. They evolve by the process of antigenic drift that leads to substantial change in the antigenicity of the virus, thereby necessitating substitution of virus strain in the vaccines. This requires frequent testing of the new vaccines in the in vivo system; however, lack of an appropriate laborator...

BACKGROUND In Ireland, horses may be protected against equine influenza virus (EIV) as a result of natural exposure or vaccination. Current mandatory vaccination programmes are targeted at highly mobile horses. A correlation between antibody levels as measured by single radial haemolysis (SRH) and protective immunity against EIV has been established. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was...

This paper presents novel results related to the identifiability of EIV dynamic systems based on exploiting properties of non-stationary data. We analyze single-input singleoutput systems using second order properties. Our results show that, it is possible to establish identifiability of EIV systems under mild conditions when the data is non-stationary.

This paper deals with the identification of errors–in–variables (EIV) models corrupted by additive and uncorrelated white Gaussian noises when the noise–free input is an arbitrary signal, not necessarily periodic. In particular, a frequency domain maximum likelihood (ML) estimator is proposed. As some other EIV estimators, this method assumes that the ratio of the noise variances is known.