Gene Expression Programming (GEP) is a powerful evolutionary method derived from Genetic Programming (GP) for model learning and knowledge discovery. However, when dealing with complex problems, its genotype under Karva notation does not allow hierarchical composition of the solution, which impairs the efficiency of the algorithm. We propose a new representation scheme based on prefix notation ...

Granulin epithelin precursor (GEP) is a new growth factor that functions in brain development, chondrogenesis, tissue regeneration, tumorigenesis, and inflammation. The goal of this study was to study whether GEP was critical for odontogenesis and amelogenesis both in vivo and in vitro. The in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry data showed that GEP was expressed in both odontoblast and...

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) represent a rare and heterogenous tumor entity. Importantly, the highly proliferative subgroup of neuroendocrine carcinoma (GEP-NEC) is characterized by high resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets, especially for GEP-NEC. Thus, we focused on Inhibitor of apopto...

Carefully studied in-situ hybridization Gene expression patterns (GEP) can provide a first glance at possible relationships among genes. Automatic comparative analysis tools are an indispensable requirement to manage the constantly growing amount of such GEP images. We present here an automated processing pipeline for Segmenting, Classification, and Clustering large-scale sets of Drosophila mel...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Increasing evidence has suggested that hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) might originate from a distinct subpopulation called cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for the limited efficacy of conventional therapies. We have previously demonstrated that granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP), a pluripotent growth factor, is upregulated in HCC but not in the adjacent non-tu...

BACKGROUND AND AIM Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) has previously been reported to control cancer growth, invasion, chemo-resistance, and served as novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, the nature and characteristics of GEP interacting partner remain unclear. The present study aims to identify and characterize the novel predominant interacting partner of GEP using co-immuno...

BACKGROUND Lung cancer is an important and common cancer that constitutes a major public health problem, but early detection of small cell lung cancer can significantly improve the survival rate of cancer patients. A number of serum biomarkers have been used in the diagnosis of lung cancers; however, they exhibit low sensitivity and specificity. METHODS We used biochemical methods to measure ...

PURPOSE Granulin-epithelin precursor (GEP) is a novel growth factor. Our earlier cDNA microarray study indicated that GEP was overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of GEP expression and its potential as a therapeutic target in HCC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 110 pairs of HCCs and adjacent nontumor liver tissues,...