This research aims to identify the common errors in reading Arabic texts among students and their causes. As for method, researcher used a descriptive analytical method. Observation, interview, documentation were collect data. After carried out scientific research, I found that mistakes of learner are divided into two types, namely, grammatical morphological errors. Grammatical most frequent te...

In this study, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) characteristics in photonic crystal fibers are investigated. The effect of channel spacing, phase mismatching, and fiber length on FWM efficiency have been studied. The variation of idler frequency which obtained by this technique with pumping and signal wavelengths has been discussed. The effect of fiber dispersion has been taken into account; we obtain th...

ةـصلاخلا : يوتحت لا و ةضفخنملا ةقاطلا تاذ تادحولا نم ديدعلا ىلع ةيكلسلالا تارعشتسملا ةكبش ةلصوب ةدوزم سلا ةيكل ثيح ، اهنيب اميف لاصتلال إ نكمي تارعشتسملا كلت ن دختسا ا اهم تا قيبطتلا نم د يدعلا يف . م ت د قو ا هتبقارم دار ملا ة قطنملا ى لع يئاوشع لكشب تارعشتسملا عيزوت ثحبلا اذه يف ا م لكش ب اهميس قت و إ ى ل ةدحاو لآ يوتحت ثيح ،ةقرفتم تانايب دعاوقآ لمعتل تاعومجم ة يناكم تا نايب ى لع تارعش تسمل...