TO THE EDITOR—In a recent article published in Clinical Infectious Diseases, Nouér and colleagues recommend that the Aspergillus galactomannan index (GMI)–based response criteria be used as a primary endpoint in clinical trials of invasive aspergillosis (IA) rather than the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) outcome definitions [1] based o...

We study the problem of bag-level classification from generalized multiple-instance (GMI) data. GMI learning is an extension of the popular multiple-instance setting. In GMI data, bags are labeled positive if they contain instances of certain types, and avoid instances of other types. For example, an image of a “sunny beach” should contain sand and sea, but not clouds. We formulate a novel gene...

An improved number of anti-fungal drugs are currently available for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). While serial galactomannan index (GMI) measurement can be used to monitor response to treatment, the extent to which different anti-fungal regimens can affect galactomannan levels is unknown. In 147 IA patients receiving either voriconazole (VCZ) or conventional amphotericin B (CAB)...

Objective means are needed to predict and assess clinical response in patients treated for invasive aspergillosis (IA). We examined whether early changes in serum galactomannan (GM) and/or β-D-glucan (BDG) can predict clinical outcomes. Patients with proven or probable IA were prospectively enrolled, and serial GM and BDG levels and GM optical density indices (GMI) were calculated twice weekly ...

BACKGROUND Current criteria for assessing treatment response of invasive aspergillosis (IA) rely on nonspecific subjective parameters. We hypothesized that an Aspergillus-specific response definition based on the kinetics of serum Aspergillus galactomannan index (GMI) would provide earlier and more objective response assessment. METHODS We compared the 6-week European Organization for Researc...

SAW-based magnetic sensors enable the remote interrogation of local magnetic fields. Designs utilizing a magnetostrictive delay line or a magnetic IDT have been proposed, showing a large sensing range with a rather low sensitivity. Another concept, employing a SAW device loaded with a GMI element, has been shown to provide higher sensitivity. However, the GMI element is a microwire structure, w...

Background. The ability to make early therapeutic decisions when treating invasive aspergillosis using changes in biomarkers as a surrogate for therapeutic response could significantly improve patient outcome. Methods. Cox proportional hazards model and logistic regression were used to correlate early changes in galactomannan index (GMI) to mortality and overall response, respectively, from p...

Giant magnetoimpedance ~GMI! was investigated from room temperature up to 823 K in an Fe-based nanocrystalline Fe73.0Cu1.0Nb2.5V1.0Si13.5B9.0 ribbon. With an increment of the measuring temperature ~T!, GMI shows notable enhancement followed by a declining dependence, yielding a maximum value around 603 K where the relative GMI is nearly four times that at room temperature. The field at the peak...

Gomory mixed-integer (GMI) cuts generated from optimal simplex tableaus are known to be useful in solving mixed-integer programs. Further, it is well-known that GMI cuts can be derived from facets of Gomory’s master cyclic group polyhedron and its mixed-integer extension studied by Gomory and Johnson. In this paper we examine why cutting planes derived from other facets of master cyclic group p...

Patient "motivation" has been implicated as a critical component in addiction treatment outcomes. To date, treatments utilizing motivational elements have been conducted as individual interventions. We describe the development of a Group Motivational Intervention (GMI), a four-session, manual-driven group approach that employs key hypothesized motivational elements. These include the six motiva...