A novel method for the preparation of α-zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles as an eco-friendly and recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was studied. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as the organic matrix which produced a better dispersion of ZrP nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by several physicochemical...

Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (GZRP) is a new hybrid routing protocol for MANETs which is an extension of ZRP by using Genetic Algorithm (GA). GZRP uses GA on IERP and BRP parts of ZRP to provide a limited set of alternative routes to the destination in order to load balance the network and robustness during node/link failure during the route discovery process. GZRP is studied for its performan...

The zone routing protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that proactively maintains routes within a local region of the network (which we refer to as the routing zone). Knowledge of this routing zone topology is leveraged by the ZRP to improve the efficiency of a reactive route query/reply mechanism. The ZRP can be configured for a particular network through adjustment of a single parameter...

Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been employed to spatially resolve the complex nanoscale morphologies, spectroscopy, and energy-transfer efficiencies of self-assembled multilayered structures composed of alternating layers of R-zirconium phosphate [R-Zr(HPO4)2] (ZrP) and dye-labeled poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (dye-PAH) (where dye ) Fluore...

Environmental estrogens have recently caused great concern because of their ability to mimic natural hormones and influence vital endocrine functions in humans and wildlife. The induction of vitellogenin (Vtg) synthesis by environmental estrogens in viviparous vertebrates has been proposed as an effective and sensitive biomarker of estrogenicity. Immunochemical analysis of plasma from Atlantic ...

In this paper, we unified two new algorithms, i.e., to selectively Bordercast the control packets in order to reduce the network load by limiting the number of control packets when ZRP searches for a new route. The second algorithm is proposed to optimize the performance of Query control mechanisms for the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) for mobile ad hoc networks for communication on an urban terr...

In sorbent-based hemodialysis, factors limiting a treatment session are urea conversion capacity and sodium release from the cartridge. In vitro experiments were performed to model typical treatment scenarios using various dialyzers and 4 types of SORB sorbent cartridges. The experiments were continued to the point of column saturation with ammonium. The urea nitrogen removed and amount of sodi...

A variety of protocols are used in ad hoc network but the most popular protocol one is Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP). ZRP is a hybrid routing protocol. Transmission power affects the design and performance of all the protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). Mobility of nodes and selection of Zone Size in ZRP are also the major issues. In this paper, the impact of Transmission Ranges and Scal...

Fluoride pollution in waters has engulfed worldwide regions and an excess of fluoride intake always causes skeletal fluorosis. Herein, a novel hybrid nanomaterial ZrP-MPN was fabricated for fluoride retention by encapsulating nano-ZrP onto macroporous polystyrene materials modified with quaternary ammonium groups. The as-obtained materials exhibited favorable removal of fluoride ions from aqueo...