Resident memory T cells (TRM) are broadly defined as a population of T cells, which persist in non-lymphoid sites long-term, do not re-enter the circulation, and are distinct from central memory T cells (TCM) and circulating effector memory T cells (TEM). Recent studies have described populations of TRM cells in the skin, gut, lungs, and nervous tissue. However, it is becoming increasingly clea...

Therapies that target the PD-1/B7-H1 axis have revolutionized cancer treatment, yet precise knowledge of how this pathway provides benefit continues to evolve. Here, we report a novel role for the immune checkpoint ligand B7-H1 in the accumulation of tissue-resident memory CD8+ T-cells (TRM). After intracranial infection, Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) generates TRM that are ma...

CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) reside permanently in nonlymphoid tissues and provide a first line of protection against invading pathogens. However, the precise localization of CD8+ TRM cells in the lung, which physiologically consists of a markedly scant interstitium compared with other mucosa, remains unclear. In this study, we show that lung CD8+ TRM cells localize predomina...

BACKGROUND The traditional medicine (TRM) of Korea and China share the same cultural tradition for thousands of years, and has experienced modernization process with respect to their distinctive social, cultural, and political influences. The purpose of this study was to analyze the attitude of Korean and Chinese TRM doctors on the current situation and future perspectives of the TRM education....

Abs t rac t . The Transformation Model (TRM) was recently introduced [10] in the literature by Sandhu and Ganta. TRM is based on the concept of transformation of rights. The propagation of access rights in TRM is authorized entirely by existing rights for the object in question. It has been demonstrated in the earlier work that TRM is useful for expressing various kinds of consistency, confiden...

This paper presents a new Integrated Technical Reference Model (I-TRM) using a multilayered architecture. Most existing technical reference models concentrate on one aspect of a system, like information processing or control structure. The I-TRM is based on a classical closed-loop control system. It combines an Information-Centric Technical Reference Model (IC-TRM), a Control Technical Referenc...

BACKGROUND Remote monitoring (RM) technology embedded within cardiac rhythm devices permits continuous monitoring, which may result in improved patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES This study used "big data" to assess whether RM is associated with improved survival and whether this is influenced by the type of cardiac device and/or its degree of use. METHODS We studied 269,471 consecutive U.S. pati...

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a herpesvirus that persists for life and maintains extremely large numbers of T cells with select specificities in circulation. However, it is unknown how viral persistence impacts T cell populations in mucosal sites. We found that many murine (M)CMV-specific CD8s in mucosal tissues became resident memory T cells (TRM). These cells adopted an intraepithelial localizatio...

Memory T cells are an important component of the adaptive immune response. Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a recently described subset of memory T cells that reside in peripheral tissues and are maintained independently of circulating subsets of memory T cells. Importantly, TRM are frequently found in barrier tissues that commonly serve as entry portals for pathogens such as viruses. M...

The impact of strong cultural beliefs on specific reasons for traditional medicine (TRM) use among individuals and populations has long been advanced in health care and spatio-medical literature. Yet, little has been done in Ghana and the Ashanti Region in particular to bring out the precise "pull" and "push" relative influences on TRM utilization. With a qualitative research approach involving...