Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been the main health concern in the last few years, both in term of quality of life and symptomatology and also causing longterm health concern like cancer. In our current practice laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is the most commonly performed operative procedure for reflux disease. Aim and methodology: We performed our review to predi...

Rapid Alkalinization Factors (RALFs) are small, cysteine-rich peptides known to be involved in various aspects of plant development and growth. Although RALF peptides have been identified within many species, a single wide-ranging phylogenetic analysis of the family across the plant kingdom has not yet been undertaken. Here, we identified RALF proteins from 51 plant species that represent a var...

We derive fast solvers for discrete elliptic variational inequalities of the second kind as resulting from the approximation by piecewise linear nite elements. Following the rst part of this paper, monotone multigrid methods are considered as extended underrelaxations. Again, the coarse grid corrections are localized by suitable constraints, which in this case are xed by ne grid smoothing. We c...

The anti-lipopolysaccharide factor ALF-Pm3 is a 98-residue protein identified in hemocytes from the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. It was expressed in Pichia pastoris from the constitutive glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter as a folded and (15)N uniformly labeled rALF-Pm3 protein. Its 3D structure was established by NMR and consists of three alpha-helices packed against a fo...

A family of peptides inducing rapid pH alkalinization in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides) cell culture medium was isolated from hybrid poplar leaves. Five related approximately 5-kD peptides were purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry. The N-terminal sequence of one of the isolated p...

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila (Lp) evades destruction in macrophages by camouflaging in a specialized organelle, the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV), where it replicates. The LCV maturates by incorporating ER vesicles, which are diverted by effectors that Lp injects to take control of host cell membrane transport processes. One of these effectors, RalF, recruit...

After preparing this note, the paper [IT] was discovered which covers the more general situation of “expansive foliations”, and in codimension one their result includes Theorem1.2. We note that the proof given here is more self–contained and goes into more detail about the construction of the “ping-pong table” in the topological case, which the reader might still find of interest. Ralf Spatzier...