Palatal fusion is a tightly controlled process which comprises multiple cellular events, including cell movement and differentiation. Midline epithelial seam (MES) degradation is essential to palatal fusion. In this study, we analyzed the function of Snail1 during the degradation of the MES. We also analyzed the mechanism regulating the expression of the Snail1 gene in palatal shelves. Palatal ...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation plays an important role in the disappearance of the midline line epithelial seam in rodent palate, leading to confluence of the palate. The aim of this study was to test the potential of the naturally cleft chicken palate to become confluent under the influence of growth factors, such as TGFβ3, which are known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transformatio...

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is the prototype member of a large superfamily of cytokines that also includes the bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and activins. There are three genes for TGFβ in humans and mice (TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3) that each encode ~25 kDa mature, processed proteins and share over 70% identity in their amino acid sequences. De...

INTRODUCTION The main obstacle for tissue engineering is to find the most appropriate cell which is able to produce extracellular matrix (ECM) similar or better than natural chondrocytes in vitro. This study compared aggrecan synthesis's potential between differentiated chondrocytes (DCs) from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and natural articular chondrocytes (NCs) in 3D culture in vitro. ...

Tendon-like tissue generated from stem cells in vitro has the potential to replace tendons and ligaments lost through injury and disease. However, thus far, no information has been available on the mechanism of tendon formation in vitro and how to accelerate the process. We show here that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) can generate tendon...

Biomimetic Structures Annulus fibrosus (AF) repair is critical for treating disc herniation. In article 2200895, Fengxuan Han, Bin Li, and co-workers fabricate aligned core–shell nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking AF microstructure realize temporal release of drugs repair. Fast ibuprofen-ameliorated inflammation sustained TGFβ3 promote cell proliferation ECM secretion.

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Lumbar discectomies are common surgical interventions that treat radiculopathy by removing herniated and loose intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues. However, remaining IVD tissue can continue to degenerate resulting in long-term clinical problems. Little information is available on the effects of discectomy on IVD biology. Currently, no treatments exist that can suspend or rever...

Infrapatellar fat pad adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) have been shown to harbor chondrogenic potential. When combined with 3D polymeric structures, the stem cells provide a source of stem cells to engineer 3D tissues for cartilage repair. In this study, we have shown human IPFP-ASCs seeded onto 3D printed chitosan scaffolds can undergo chondrogenesis using TGFβ3 and BMP6. By week 4, a pearlescen...

There has been significant interest in identifying alternative cell sources and growth factor stimulation to improve matrix synthesis for disc repair. Recent work identified nasoseptal chondrocytes (NC) as a possible source with matrix-forming abilities. While various factors such members of the TGFβ superfamily have explored enhance formation, no consensus exists optimum needed induce cells to...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine differences in the expression profiles of transforming growth factor (TGF) β isoforms in the fragments of anterior lens capsules (ALCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pediatric patients with congenital and traumatic cataracts. METHODS Forty children with congenital cataracts (19 girls and 21 boys) and 22 children with traumatic...