Although ecologists have long recognized the salience of persistence in determining the static and the dynamic behavior of ecological systems, it is only very recently that economists have begun to study this concept in relation to the use of services that are provided by jointly determined ecological-economic systems (ecosystems). As such, there are very few studies of ecosystems that explicit...

Mapping from acoustic signals to lexical representations is a complex process mediated by a number of different levels of representation. This paper reviews properties of the phonetic and phonological levels, and hypotheses about how category structure is represented at each of these levels, and evaluates these hypotheses in light of relevant electrophysiological studies of phonetics and phonol...

The purpose of the present paper is to explore both the motivation for confiscating illegal gain and also to look at some of its legal aspects and economic effects. It is argued that the removal of illegal gain may be able to play a significant complementary role, if only by closing the gap between the maximum punishment the law will allow and fines sufficient to represent a credible deterrent....

-In this paper, we establish the equivalence between the generalized nonlinear variational inequalities and the generalized Wiener-Hopf equations. This equivalence is used to suggest and analyze a number of iterative algorithms for solving generalized variational inequalities. We also discuss the convergence analysis of the proposed algorithms. As a special case, we obtain various known results...

This paper investigates the nature and use of existing tools during a design task as a means of gathering information concerning practitioners’ conception of that activity. Three case studies are reported and a number of conclusions are drawn concerning the nature of design tools and in particular the interdependencies revealed between freehand drawing, physical modelling and CAD. The role of v...

We show via a Liapunov function that in every model ecosystem governed by generalized Lotka±Volterra equations, a feasible steady state is globally asymptotically stable if the number of interaction branches equals nÿ 1, where n is the number of species. This means that the representative graph for which the theorem holds is a `tree' and not only an alimentary chain. Our result is valid also in...

Within a shipyard, many designers each having their own design objective cooperate in a complex design situation where a variety of software tools run on different hardware platforms. The exchange of design data models among these heterogeneous CAD systems is a difficult task because the systems involved have different data structures optimized for their own functions. CAD geometric models are ...

ÐA strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus was used as a model to study the interaction of tamoxifen (TAM) with the membrane and the cytostatic antiproliferative e€ects not related to estrogen binding. TAM inhibits the growth of B. stearothermophilus as a function of concentration. The supplementation of the growth medium with Ca or Mg partially relieves the growth inhibition by TAM, allowing gro...

This paper addresses the question of self-localisation in autonomous mobile robot navigation, i.e., the task of identifying places after previous exploration and map building by the robot. We present a novel localisation system which accumulates both exteroceptive and proprioceptive sensory evidence over time to localise, without requiring prior knowledge of the robot’s position. We show that t...