0273-2297/$ see front matter ! 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2012.04.002 q Preparation of this paper was supported in part by the Institute of Education Sciences, US Department of Education, through Grant R305B040063 to Carnegie Mellon University. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute or the US Depart...

Amyloidosis is a protein conformational disease caused by the deposition of extracellular insoluble fibrils which derived from misfolded precursor proteins. The kidney organ most commonly involved in amyloidosis, common types renal amyloidosis include immunoglobulin light chain (AL), amyloid A (AA) and leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 (ALECT2). Previous studies revealed that deposits are often ac...