1 Quantification PTR-TOF calibrations were performed at regular intervals using multi-component gas cylinders (Apel Riemer Environmental Inc., Denver, USA). During calibration, the sample air humidity was kept at similar levels as measured in the environmental chamber. Calibrated sensitivities for several chemical groups, including alcohols, aromatic compounds, aldehydes and ketones, were used ...

we mean an equivalence class of paths modulo reparametrizations. Write CD for the set of chords in D. Given a path γ, we write [γ] for the associated chord; more generally, if γ is a continuous map from any compact subinterval I of [0,∞] to Û , starting at z0 and ending at z1, we can obtain a chord [γ] in D by choosing an increasing homeomorphism φ : [0, 1] → I and setting [γ] = [γ ◦ φ]. Write ...

Although Massey argues that proteome size (P), not the effectivepopulation size (Ne), is the primary determinant of mutation-rate evolution (1), nothing inhis commentor inhisprior work (2) contradicts our conclusions (3). First, although we noted how the mutation rate/nucleotide site/generation (μ) scales with Ne and P of a species, we did not rank the relative importance of these sources of va...

in this study, the effects of dietary intake of different levels of ginger (zingiberofficinale) extract on fingerlings of mesopotamichthys sharpeyi,were investigated. for this purpose, 192 fingerlings (mean weight: 11.67±0.32 g) were randomly distributed in twelve 300 litres fiberglass tanks (16 fish per tank) and fed with commercial diet containing 0% (control group),0.1%, 0. 5% and 1% of etha...

All organisms are probably exposed to different types of electromagnetic fields (EMFs). This study is an attempt to evaluate the effect of extremely low-frequency EMFs (50 Hz) on some growth parameters and survival rate of common carp fingerling. The fry (n = 120, averaged 16.76 ± 0.88 g in initial weight) was exposed to ELF-EMF at four intensities of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 mT only once for 2 h and ...

In the present study effects of different levels of probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici, on growth performance and survival rate of Rutilus kuttum were investigated. Fingerlings Kutum with mean weight of 1±0.235 g were reared for 8 weeks in 500-l fiberglass tanks (15 fish per tank) with 4 diet treatments (with 3 replicates for each treatment). Treatments were included 1× 109 , 2:1×109 , 3× 109 C...

Background: The protein hormone granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) stimulates the production of white blood cells and plays an important role in medical treatment of cancer patients. Methods: An efficient process was developed for heterologous expression of human GCSF in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The feeding rate was adjusted to achieve the maximum attainable specific growth rate under crit...