Peptides from different regions of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein VP1 were synthesized. Antibodies raised against these peptides in rabbits and rats recognized the cognate peptides and denatured VP1. Peptides from four regions of VP1 generated antisera with neutralizing titers specifically against poliovirus type 1. Antisera against all other regions of VP1 failed to neutralize virus infe...

The innermost core of rotavirus is composed of VP2, which forms a protein layer that surrounds the two minor proteins VP1 and VP3, and the genome of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. This inner core layer surrounded by VP6, the major capsid protein, constitutes double-layered particles that are transcriptionally active. Each gene encoding a structural protein of double-layered particles has b...

EV71 is a major causative agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and is responsible for large outbreaks in various Asian Pacific countries. In the present study, we generated the recombinant baculovirus (Bac-VP1) encoding VP1 in a novel expression cassette. The transmembrane domain of hemagglutinin of the H3N2 influenza virus was included in the cassette as a minimal membrane anchor for V...

BACKGROUND The VP1 protein of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) is a major structural protein that induces neutralizing antibodies in ducks; however, B-cell epitopes on the VP1 protein of duck hepatitis A genotype 1 virus (DHAV-1) have not been characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS To characterize B-cell epitopes on VP1, we used the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D10 against Escherichia coli-expressed V...

Antibodies were raised in rats against the poliovirus type 1 capsid proteins, VP1, VP2, and VP3. Antibodies directed against VP1 from type 1 poliovirus (Mahoney) neutralized type 1 but not type 2 poliovirus. Antibodies raised against VP2 and VP3 failed to neutralize type 1 virus. Thus, VP1 appears to be a neutralizing antigen for poliovirus and in its denatured form presents to the immune syste...

Immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) for detection of human bocavirus (HBoV) proteins (VP1, VP2, NP-1, and NS1) were developed. The VP1 IFA was the most sensitive for detection of IgG antibody and suitable for screening. IgG antibodies in convalescent-phase sera from HBoV-positive patients were detected by VP1 and VP2 IFAs. Sensitivities of NP-1 and NS1 IFAs were low.

Viviparous1 (Vp1) encodes a B3 domain-containing transcription factor that is a key regulator of seed maturation in maize. However, the mechanisms of Vp1 regulation are not well understood. To examine physiological factors that may regulate Vp1 expression, transcript levels were monitored in maturing embryos placed in culture under different conditions. Expression of Vp1 decreased after culture...

The phenotypic defects of two type 1 Mahoney poliovirus mutants, termed VP1-101 and VP1-102, were caused by two different small deletions in the region of the RNA genome encoding the amino terminus of the capsid protein VP1. This portion of VP1 was unresolved in the three-dimensional structure of the poliovirion, buried within the virion, and likely to interact with the viral RNA. Both VP1-101 ...

Enterovirus 71 (EV71), a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, occasionally causes severe neurological symptoms. We identified P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) as an EV71 receptor and found that an amino acid residue 145 in the capsid protein VP1 (VP1-145) defined PSGL-1-binding (PB) and PSGL-1-nonbinding (non-PB) phenotypes of EV71. However, the role of PSGL-1-depend...