The immunomodulatory function of longan pulp polysaccharide-protein complex (LP3) was investigated in immunosuppressed mice models. Compared with the model control, peroral administration of 100 mgkg⁻¹d⁻¹ LP3 could significantly increase/enhance antibody production against chicken red blood cell (CRBC), concanavalin A (ConA)-induced splenocyte proliferation, macrophage phagocytosis, NK cell cyt...

Nephrotoxicity remains a common untoward effect of cisplatin therapy with limited effective chemopreventive options available till date. This study aims to evaluate the possible chemopreventive effect and mechanism(s) of action of 2 mgkg-1 and 5 mgkg-1 of Tadalafil in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxic rats. In this study, twenty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 5 ra...

A total of 65 toxigenic Clostridium difficile strains isolated from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea were tested for susceptibility to avilamycin, flavomycin, monensin, and salinomycin. Except for flavomycin the substances showed in vitro efficacy comparable to reports of the currently most commonly used drugs for treatment of C. difficile. This indicates that these old compounds ma...

In pig production, the terms "growth promoter", "performance enhancer", and "digestive enhancer" include a diverse range of products ranging from simple chemicals (copper salts) to chemically produced antibacterial compounds (carbadox) to antibiotics (tylosin, avilamycin, salinomycin, virginiamycin). Most of the antibiotic group are produced during a fermentation process by yeasts, moulds, and ...

The benefits of feeding avilamycin (Surmax/Maxus, Elanco Animal Health) to broiler chickens were demonstrated in a floor pen study (two trials) in which avilamycin was fed at 10 ppm in a 45-day growout. Final live weight of broilers fed avilamycin was significantly (P < or = .01) heavier (90 g) than that of control broilers fed for an equal number of days. Feed conversion was numerically but no...

Eurekanate belongs to the important class of branched-chain carbohydrates present in a wide variety of natural sources. It is a component of avilamycin A, a potent inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit. The present work provides experimental proof for the function of two genes of the avilamycin biosynthetic gene cluster, aviB1 and aviO2, that are both invo...

Orthosomycins are oligosaccharide antibiotics that include avilamycin, everninomicin, and hygromycin B and are hallmarked by a rigidifying interglycosidic spirocyclic ortho-δ-lactone (orthoester) linkage between at least one pair of carbohydrates. A subset of orthosomycins additionally contain a carbohydrate capped by a methylenedioxy bridge. The orthoester linkage is necessary for antibiotic a...

BACKGROUND Conflicting reports about the toxicity of Synedrella nodiflora (L) Gaertn (family Asteraceae), a plant traditionally used in Ghana for the management of epilepsy, abound in literature. The present study evaluates the effect of a 90-day continuous oral administration of a hydro-ethanolic whole plant extract of Synedrella nodiflora (SNE) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS The toxic...

Avilamycin is an antibiotic complex produced by cultures of the organism Streptomyces viridochromogenes, strain NRRL 2860. These compounds belong to the orthosomycin family of antibiotics. Structural composition of the major avilamycins and several minor avilamycins are known. Nine additional minor avilamycins, designated F through N, have been isolated via semi-preparative silica gel or revers...