Background: There is some evidence suggesting a close relationship between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and renal inflammation and fibrosis, which are crucial stages in chronic kidney disease. Methods: To verify the role of PUFAs in renal fibrosis processes, we investigated the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) on the gene expres...

Neural networks show a progressive increase in complexity during the time course of evolution. From diffuse nerve nets in Cnidaria to modular, hierarchical systems in macaque and humans, there is a gradual shift from simple processes involving a limited amount of tasks and modalities to complex functional and behavioral processing integrating different kinds of information from highly specializ...

Recent studies suggest that increased T-cell and autoantibody reactivity to lipids may be present in the autoimmune demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. To perform large-scale multiplex analysis of antibody responses to lipids in multiple sclerosis, we developed microarrays composed of lipids present in the myelin sheath, including ganglioside, sulfatide, cerebroside, sphingomyelin and tot...

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145 spatial and temporal characteristics of magnetic reconnection will fuel the sometimes heated debate over what the phenomenon is like and what it can do. With the launch of NASA’s STEREO mission, expected later this year, larger baselines will become available, and there is hope that the study of solar-wind reconnection can be extended to much larger scales. At the smallest scales, NASA’s Ma...