Annually, more than 8 million people develop tuberculosis (TB), and approximately 1.8 million cases result in death (1). TB has a long incubation period, with the timeline for transition from infection to expression lastingmonths or decades. Therefore, it is not surprising that identification of interspersion transmission events by classical epidemiological tools, like contact tracing, suffer f...

Understanding the multi-scale effects of arable land landscape on epigaeic arthropod diversity is essential for biodiversity conservation and agroecosystem services. Our study explored overall effect elements at three scales landscape, habitat, field. We selected 11 areas to sample using trap method, construct models data. The results showed that: (1) On scale, 1500 m was optimal radius. Shanno...

Habitat suitability index (HSI) models are traditionally used to evaluate habitat quality for wildlife at a local scale. Rarely have such models incorporated spatial relationships of habitat components. We introduce Landscape HSImodels, a new Microsoft Windowst (Microsoft, Redmond, WA)–based program that incorporates local habitat as well as landscape-scale attributes to evaluate habitats for 2...

Abstract. There is an urbanization process on a global scale with population growth and technological developments. Especially in metropolitan cities, mega projects located the city periphery lead to environmental pressure natural areas forests. Istanbul Northern Forests, transition region of Black Sea Mediterranean flora, host various ecosystems due its pseudomaki structure. However, effects b...

This review concerns recent experimental information i areas of animal cell molecular biology which are relevant o the mechanism of gene regulation. New data regarding interspersion and clustering of repetitive sequence elements in DNA are considered. Molecular characteristics of animal structural genes and mRNAs are discussed, with particular reference to the frequency of structural gene seque...

When conventional genome arrangement analyses performed on R. berlandieri DNA at a normal (60 degrees C) and a high (75 degrees C) reassociation temperature were compared, an additional interspersion pattern was detected which indicates that different classes of repetitive sequences are closely interspersed with each other. Our results further suggest that the genomic abundance of purified (or ...