We report a new class of high-dispersion immersed diffraction gratings for which the reflective nature of the diffraction is provided by the phenomenon of total internal reflection (TIR) regardless of grating tooth shape. Thus, the component can be fabricated from a single dielectric material and requires no metallic or dielectric film layers for high reflection diffraction efficiency. With the...

Introduction: The linear mixing of thermal infrared (TIR) emission spectra in multi-mineralic mixtures has been proven, and its limits and applicability have been quantitatively investigated [1,2]. Limiting factors in the accuracy of any linear retrieval (spectral deconvolution) algorithm include the spectral precision of the instrumentation as well as the fact that the number of end-members mu...

The N-terminal Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein (TIR) domain has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for defense signaling in the model plants flax and Arabidopsis. In examples from these organisms, TIR domain self-association is required for signaling function, albeit through distinct interfaces. Here, we investigate these properties in the TIR domain containing resist...

Rural enrollment in Medicare Advantage (MA) and other prepaid plans grew by 15% from December 2008 to December 2009, faster than the 10% national growth rate. Preferred provider organization (PPO) plans drove the increased enrollment in MA plans in rural areas in 2009, while private fee-for-service (PFFS) plans continued to dominate the market with over 50% of enrollment. This landscape could c...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare SIAPEC-IAP-based cytological reports with their corresponding histological diagnoses to establish when thyroidectomy is the right choice in the management of thyroid diseases. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective review of all the consecutive thyroidectomies/lobectomies performed at Maria Vittoria Hospital during the 10-year period between Janua...

Myeloid differentiating factor 88 (MyD88) and MyD88 adaptor-like (Mal) are adaptor molecules critically involved in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling pathway. While Mal has been proposed to serve as a membrane-sorting adaptor, MyD88 mediates signal transduction from activated TLR4 to downstream components. The Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain of MyD88 is responsible for sorting a...

On May 9, 2000 the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) on the Terra satellite obtained data over the Jornada Experimental Range test site along the Rio Grande river and the White Sand National Monument in New Mexico. ASTER has 14 channels from the visible (VNIR) through the thermal infrared (TIR) with 15 m resolution in the VNIR and 90 m in the TIR. The overpa...

On several days in 2000 & 2001 the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) on the Terra satellite obtained data over the Jornada Experimental Range test site along the Rio Grande river and the White Sand National Monument in New Mexico. ASTER has 14 channels from the visible (VNIR) through the thermal infrared (TIR) with 15 m resolution in the VNIR and 90 m in the...