We have exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride by ultrasonication in solutions of polyvinylalcohol in water. The resultant nanosheets are sterically stabilised by adsorbed polymer chains. Centrifugation-based sizeselection was used to give dispersions of nanosheets with aspect ratio (length/thickness) of 1400. Such dispersions can be used to produce polyvinylalcohol–BN composite films. Helium ion m...

In developing embryos, gene regulatory networks drive cells towards discrete terminal fates, a process called canalization. We studied the behavior of the anterior-posterior segmentation network inDrosophila melanogaster embryos by depleting a key maternal input, bicoid (bcd), and measuring gene expression patterns of the network at cellular resolution. This method results in a gene expression ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to show preclinical efficacy and clinical development potential of PKI-587, a dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In vitro class 1 PI3K enzyme and human tumor cell growth inhibition assays and in vivo five tumor xenograft models were used to show efficacy. RESULTS In vitro, PKI-587 potently inhibited class I PI3Ks (IC(5...

Purpose: The aim of this study was to show preclinical efficacy and clinical development potential of PKI-587, a dual phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/mTOR inhibitor. Experimental Design: In vitro class 1 PI3K enzyme and human tumor cell growth inhibition assays and in vivo five tumor xenograft models were used to show efficacy. Results: In vitro, PKI-587 potently inhibited class I PI3Ks (IC50 ...

This White Paper points out the most significant issues which can be encountered during DO-254 compliant verification process for FPGA designs. It proposes the methods of saving development time during the functional verification process, reusing the work done during RTL simulation and performing the in-hardware at-speed testing in target FPGA devices assuring at the same time a high visibility...

Osteoarthritis (OA), also erroneously called degenerative joint disease, represents failure of a diarthrodial joint. In idiopathic OA, the most common form of the disease, no predisposing factor is apparent. Secondary OA is pathologically indistinguishable from idiopathic OA, but is attributable to an underlying cause, such as trauma or metabolic and endocrine diseases.1 Major trauma and repeti...

Mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited principally down the maternal line, but the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Females harboring a mixture of mutant and wild-type mtDNA (heteroplasmy) transmit a varying proportion of mutant mtDNA to their offspring. In humans with mtDNA disorders, the proportion of mutated mtDNA inherited from the mother correlates with disease sever...