In recent years, RNA-seq is emerging as a powerful technology in estimation of gene and/or transcript expression, and RPKM (Reads Per Kilobase per Million reads) is widely used to represent the relative abundance of mRNAs for a gene. In general, the methods for gene quantification can be largely divided into two categories: transcript-based approach and 'union exon'-based approach. Transcript-b...

Identification of genes with invariant levels of gene expression is a prerequisite for validating transcriptomic changes accompanying development. Ideally expression of these genes should be independent of the morphogenetic process or environmental condition.We report here the validation of internal control gene i.e.TPS (trehalose 6-phosphate-synthase) in cotton (Gossypium spp), using TaqMan sy...

background: the hbv-x (hbx) protein is believed to contribute to the development of hcc. however, the molecular mechanisms involved in hbx-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis remain obscure. in this study, the effect of hepatitis b virus x gene and its protein product hbxag on expression of p53 gene in hep g2 cell line was investigated. methods: viral dna extracted from hbv-positive serum and hbx gen...

breast cancer is the most important and prevalent cancer in women that can be managed if detected in the early stages. recently, there has been much focus on the use of epigenetic changes such as dna methylation in early detection of cancer. as recent research has put forth dok7 cpg island methylation as an epimarker, in the present study, using a quantification method, a cohort of iranian spor...

Gene expression quantification can be a useful tool in studying the properties of bacterial biofilms. Unfortunately, techniques such as RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative PCR (qPCR) can introduce variability into mRNA transcript measurements, obscuring biologically relevant results. Here we sought to identify the steps that impair accurate gene expression quantification from Staph...

objective: in spite of accumulating information about pathological aspects of sulfur mustard (sm), the precise mechanism responsible for its effects is not well understood. circulating micrornas (mirnas) are promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. accurate normalization using appropriate reference genes, is a critical step in mirna expression studies. in this study, we aimed t...

the construction industry is a major consumer of new materials. given that material production for construction work accounts for a significant percentage of all energy consumed nationally in newly developing countries, it becomes vital that the construction industry strives to reduce waste at all stages of construction. however, the importance of these construction wastes in terms of types and...

comin the case of pharmaceutical processes, the presence of preservatives can be problematic and the quantity is subject to stringent standards. so, the aim of this study is to quantify the removal of glycerin contained in ultrafiltration flat sheet membranes by filtration and soaking. this is carried out over a wide range of membranes with different characteristics. the selected flat sheet mem...

The complete laboratory data of 24 samples with confirmed coronavirus Disease-2019 were retrieved by nucleic acid testing, and the quantification SARS-CoV-2 World Health Organization (WHO) envelope (E-gene), RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP-gene), Nucleocapsid (N-gene) three primers Roche Cobas z 480. Throat or nasopharyngeal swabs reports demonstrated primer Cross Points (CPs) greater than 2...