I consider an exact model of atomic spontaneous dipole emission and classical dipole radiation in a finite photonic band-gap structure. The full 3D or 2D problem is reduced to a finite 1D model, and then this is solved for analytically using algebraic matrix transfer techniques. The results give insight to the electromagnetic emission process in periodic dielectrics, quantitative predictions fo...

1.1.1. Definitions 1. Bounded Above (for a set): Let S ⊂ R. S is bounded above if ∃L ∈ R such that x ≤ L for all x ∈ S. L is called an upper bound for S. (Similar definition for bounded below and lower bound) 2. Bounded (for a set): Let S be a set. S is bounded if S is bounded above and bounded below. 3. Least Upper Bound (LUB) Axiom for R (for a set): Let S ⊂ R be bounded above. Then !∃L ∈ R s...

An optimal nutritional state is an important consideration in providing successful operative outcomes. Unfortunately, many aspects of surgery are not constructive to providing this. In addition, the metabolic and immune response to injury induces a catabolic state and insulin resistance, a known risk factor of post-operative complications. Aggressive insulin therapy post-operatively has been sh...

The change in frequency of cocaine self-administration as a function of the unit dose is widely assumed to represent a graded pharmacodynamic response. Alternatively, a pharmacological theory states that during maintained selfadministration, a quantal response occurs at a minimum maintained cocaine concentration (satiety threshold). Rats selfadministered cocaine at unit doses spanning an 8-fold...

Tseng, Y.C.1, Ho, G.D.2, Chen, T.T.W.3, Huang, B.F.4, Cheng, P.C.5, Chen, J.L.6 and Peng, S.Y.7* 1Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 2Effpha Pharma Management Corp. Taipei Taiwan 3Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan 4Department of laboratory medicine, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan ...

Many municipal governments adopted 311 decades ago and have advocated access equality in citizens’ use of 311. However, the role of citizens in the development and usage of 311 remains limited. Channel choices have been discussed in various types of governmental information and communication technologies (ICTs), especially when the innovative technology has just been adopted. Much has supported...

G a u g e i n v a r i a n c e i s t h e b a s i s o f t h e m o d e r n t h e o r y o f e l e c t r o w e a k a n d s t r o n g i n t e r a c t i o n s ( t h e s o c a l l e d S t a n d a r d M o d e l ) . T h e r o o t s o f g a u g e i n v a r i a n c e g o b a c k t o t h e y e a r 1 8 2 0 w h e n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i s m w a s d i s c o v e r e d a n d t h e f i r s t e l e c t r o d...

s Fluoride 45(3 Pt 2)311–316 July-September 2012 Abstracts 311 311

The retroviral genome consists of two homologous RNA molecules associated close to their 5' ends. We studied the spontaneous dimerization of four HIV-1 RNA fragments (RNAs 1-707, 1-615, 311-612, and 311-415) containing the previously defined dimerization domain, and a RNA fragment (RNA 1-311) corresponding to the upstream sequences. Significant dimerization of all RNAs is observed on agarose ge...

Breadth-First Search. For a graph like the one in Figure 2.3, we can generally figure out the distance between two nodes by eyeballing the picture; but for graphs that are even a bit more complicated, we need some kind of a systematic method to determine distances. The most natural way to do this — and also the most e cient way to calculate distances for a large network dataset using a computer...