in order to implement vat, various countries have applied different procedures including: manufacturing products, whole sale and consumer price procedures, according to their economic structure. for iran, it is proposed that in the first step, vat be confined to manufacturing products and imports, and after some successful implementation in this earlier step, with achieved experience and knowle...

BACKGROUND Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) as a result of traffic accidents are one of the major causes of deaths, which lead to the loss of individuals' productive and working years of life. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to calculate the economic burden of traumatic brain injuries in fatal crashes at Shahid Rajaei Trauma Hospital, Shiraz, Iran for a period of five years. PATIENTS AND METHODS...

according to the increasing importance of green space and environment, decision making of environmental policy is growing at the national level and internationally, so there is an urgent need for information that could be used to promote efficient environmental decision making. in this study the economic benefits associated with eram garden of shiraz, is estimated using a double-bounded dichoto...

conclusions the findings of this study indicated that the economic burden of tbis was high in fatal accidents in fars province so that it was equivalent to 0.00011% of iran’s gross domestic product (gdp) in 2013. therefore, more attention has to be paid to the rules to prevent the fatal accidents. results deaths resulting from tbis due to traffic accidents in shiraz imposed 6.2 billion rials (5...

external costs of environmental degradation are often ignored in economic analysis of projects. the mail goal of the paper is to economically analyze the current alternatives of meighan wetland utilization including extraction of sodium sulfate, aquaculture of artemia and integrative alternative considering external costs of wetland degradation. in order to detect eventual degradation of wetlan...

late spring chilling in spring is largely the cause for limiting almond production, so finding ways to reduce the loss is a priority in horticultural research. the government in iran established sahand horticultural research station in 1968 to invest in some late flowering almond cultivars, and this resulted in seven new cultivars in 1994, which can survive the late chillings that might occur i...

BACKGROUND According to importance of cirrhosis of the liver and the lack of information about the economic burden of the disease, we performed this study to estimate the economic burden of liver Cirrhosis in Iran in 2011. METHODS The cost-of-illness method, based on the human capital theory, has been used. Both direct and indirect costs have been estimated using a prevalence approach and bot...

Road traffic accidents and the effects they subsequently incur are increasing dramatically, and estimating the cost of road traffic crashes could be a vital step in improving the recognition of this widespread problem. The main objective of this paper is to estimate the cost of road traffic crashes in Iran using the Human Capital (HC) Method. Results of this study indicate that the cost of road...