objective(s): multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (cns) with unknown etiology. various genetics and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. the interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (il-7ra) was identified as the first non-major histocompatibility complex (non-mhc) ms susceptibility locus. in this study we are tr...

Objective(s): Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Various genetics and environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. The interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Ra) was identified as the first non-major histocompatibility complex (non-MHC) MS susceptibility locus. In this study we are tr...

No AccessTrust, Globalisation and Citizenship in Renaissance Europe: The Case of the South German Merchants Lisbon Around 1500Prof. Martial StaubProf. Staub Department History niversity Sheffield Jessop West, 1 Upper Hanover Street S3 7RA United Kingdom Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:Oct 2021https://doi.org/10.7788/arku.2021.103.1.83SectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesD...

Foxo transcription factors have a conserved role in the adaptation of cells and organisms to nutrient and growth factor availability. Here we show that Foxo1 has a crucial, nonredundant role in T cells. In naive T cells, Foxo1 controlled the expression of the adhesion molecule L-selectin, the chemokine receptor CCR7 and the transcription factor Klf2, and its deletion was sufficient to alter lym...

for stratification in the Southern Ocean and the resulting strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (in which it is generally thought that eddy fluxes are indeed a significant factor). Moreover, predictions for other ocean basins give reasonable thermocline structures, hinting that this concept has much wider applicability than in just the Southern Ocean, and that a complete thermocline th...

Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the generation of effector and memory CD8 + T cells. We used two different models, transgenic expression of truncated (dominant negative) form of TGF-bRII (dnTGFbRII) and Cre-mediated deletion of the floxed TGF-bRII to examine the role of TGF-b signaling in the formation, function, and homeostatic proliferation of memory CD8...

Abstract T follicular helper (Tfh) cells were discovered as CD4 +T in the B cell follicles that express CXCR5 and help germinal center (GC) responses. However, it is not clear which PD-1 +CXCR5 +Bcl6 +CD4 will differentiate into hiCXCR5 hiBcl6 hiGC-Tfh while others have a different fate, nor how GC-Tfh differentiation regulated. Here we report sustained Tigit expression marked precursor Tfh (pr...