Regulatory approval documents contain valuable information, often not published, to assess the drug–drug interaction (DDI) profile of newly marketed drugs. This analysis aimed to systematically review all drug metabolism, transport, pharmacokinetics, and DDI data available in the new drug applications and biologic license applications approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014, u...

Epistatic interactions, manifested in the effects of mutations on the phenotypes caused by other mutations, may help uncover the functional organization of complex biological networks1–3. Here, we studied system-level epistatic interactions by computing growth phenotypes of all single and double knockouts of 890 metabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, using the framework of flux balance an...

In a continuing effort to provide a solution, engineers in the Construction and Technology Division (C&T) of the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) are studying alternative bridge deck designs. C&T engineers are six years into a study which could eventually save Michigan motorists a considerable amount of tax dollars. The study compares the performance of isotropic bridge decks with d...

Aim. Peri-implant mucositis affects 39.4-80% of patients restored with dental implants. If left untreated it evolves in peri-implantitis. Thus far no predictable successful treatment has been reported for peri-implantitis, resulting in implant failure. Proper diagnosis and treatment of peri-implant mucositis is of crucial importance. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of the avai...

77 THIS FEATURE PRESENTS A RELAtively unique concept for urban arterial highway interchanges. The interchange has been named the Echelon Interchange because of its symmetrical, but offset, pair of two-phase one-way pair intersections—one elevated over the other. An observer1 noted that the interchange resembled a flying formation used by the U.S. Navy Flight Demonstration Team, the “Blue Angels...

According to higher-order thought accounts of phenomenal consciousness it is unlikely that many non-human animals undergo phenomenally conscious experiences. Many people believe that this result would have deep and far-reaching consequences. More specifically, they believe that the absence of phenomenal consciousness from the rest of the animal kingdom must mark a radical and theoretically sign...

Simulating quickly a large number of repetitions of an experiment is a powerful tool in statistics. Simulations can be performed and explored individually by students in the classroom with graphics calculators like the TI83(Plus). Applications are estimating the probability of an event, predicting the profit in a game of chance, approximating the probability distribution of a random variable, d...