Piwi proteins and piRNAs protect eukaryotic germlines against the spread of transposons. During development in the ciliate Paramecium, two Piwi-dependent sRNA classes are involved in the elimination of transposons and transposon-derived DNA: scan RNAs (scnRNAs), associated with Ptiwi01 and Ptiwi09, and iesRNAs, whose binding partners we now identify as Ptiwi10 and Ptiwi11. scnRNAs derive from t...

Structural analyses of membrane proteins reveal a large number of C(alpha)-H...O contacts between transmembrane helices, presumed to be hydrogen bonds. Recent experiments produced conflicting results for the contribution of such hydrogen bonds to membrane protein stability. An FTIR study estimated an energy of -0.88 kcal/mol for the G79-C(alpha)-H...I76-O hydrogen bond in glycophorin A, whereas...

A51-year-old woman was referred for evaluation of an asymptomatic systolic murmur. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a large right atrial (RA) mass with intermittent prolapse through the tricuspid valve and extending into the pulmonary artery. On the preoperative transesophageal echocardiographic examination, a tumor with multiple strands was seen. One strand intermittently obstructed the o...

CD4(+) T cells that lead to autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in BALB/c mice are either Th1 or Th2 cells. To test whether the phenotype of disease is related to the particular TCR expressed by the pathogenic cell, we have generated several lines of TCR transgenic mice using receptors cloned from pathogenic Th1 or Th2 cells. We previously described spontaneous inflammatory AIG in A23 mice, caused by th...

potential. The binding energies of levels within 5 GHz below the lowest ground-state 4s1/2( f a51) 14s1/2( f b51) hyperfine asymptote are measured by both trap loss and ionization detection. The locations of these near-threshold hyperfine-coupled molecular levels allow us to constrain the triplet potential and thereby determine the triplet scattering length. The result for K, at523365a0 (1a050....

a Université Montpellier 2, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, F-34000 France b CNRS, UMR AMAP, Cirad, TA-A51/PS2, Boulevard de la Lironde, F-34398 Montpellier cedex 5, France c 286 rue d'Orléans, 76230 Bois-Guillaume, France d School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK e MuséumNational d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Département Histoire de la ...

Genes or alleles can interact by small RNAs in a homology dependent manner meaning that short interfering (siRNAs) can act in trans at the chromatin level producing stable and heritable silencing phenotypes. Because of the puzzling data on endogenous paramutations, their impact contributing to adaptive evolution in a Lamarckian manner remains unknown. An increasing number of studies characteriz...

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