In the 11(th) and 12(th) century the Western caliphate flourished, making Cordoba the capital of physicians and philosophers. During that period lived and practised the famous physician Ibn Zuhr or Avenzoar. In his monumental treatise Al Taysir, Avenzoar provided the first clinical description of a polypoid colorectal tumour as well as the case of a uterine cancer and a basal cell carcinoma. Hi...

The history of the caliphate after death Prophet Muhammad from time to has same pattern starting phases development, formation, coaching, glory, decline and destruction. This study aims determine Khulafaur Rashidun dynasty SAW. used qualitative research methods. data collection technique was carried out by means a literature through exploration journals other information relevant study. results...

As Syria prepares to enter its seventh year of war, the tide seems to have turned in favour of the Assad regime. Government forces over-ran Aleppo at the end of 2016, assisted by air support from Russia. President Bashar al-Assad has now regained control of all the major population centres in the country, including the four largest cities. As The Lancet Infectious Diseases went to press, a ceas...

Over fifty years into global environmental negotiations since the first UN Conference in 1972 on Human Environment Stockholm, to Climate Change COP27 Sharm El Sheikh 2022, major concerns of our time are no closer being resolved. Negotiations continued fall by wayside. Given commitment economic development and sovereignty nation states, deadlocks understandable. Against this background, article ...

the politics of shifting to the east, which is interpreted in the statements of turkish islamist politicians as ottomanism, is a newly emerged strategy which is essentially comprehensible in the connection with the history and identity of the ottoman era and the new regional and trans-regional role of turkey. the ideology of ottomanism not only implies the expansion of turkey’s influence on the...

This research is a historical study about the (exchanging presents Ayubian State, state and Islamic powers), important of this that it shows friendly political relationship State with powers which includes Abbasian Khalifat, zangi family, Saljuqya Rom state, Muahidin Artaqyan king Hijaz. In prespective, exchanging strengthened among Sultans, king, kings at same time, these reduced tension them.

This study addressed three questions: 1. What are the objectives of the leaders of ISIL? 2. What are the objectives of the followers of ISIL? 3. How are the two sets of objectives related? To answer these questions we analyzed the transcripts of interviews and presentations of 59 subject matter experts (SMEs) and conducted a separate analysis of speeches of ISIL leaders and selected Internet so...