OBJECTIVE As ABCG1 plays a role in cholesterol efflux, macrophage ABCG1 expression has been suggested to protect against atherosclerosis. However, we and others observed varying effects of ABCG1 deficiency on atherosclerotic lesion size. The objective of this study was to define the effect of ABCG1 deficiency during atherosclerotic lesion progression in LDL receptor knockout (LDLr(-/-)) mice. ...

Peptide YY (3-36) [PYY (3-36)] is postulated to act as a hormonal signal from the gut to the brain to inhibit food intake and gastric emptying. A mixed-nutrient meal produces a prolonged 2-3 h increase in plasma levels of both PYY (3-36) and PYY (1-36). We determined the dose-dependent effects of 3-h iv infusions of PYY (3-36) and PYY (1-36) (0.5-50 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) at dark onset on food in...

Glucose and lipids are essential to the body, but excess glucose or lipids lead to metabolic syndrome. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins are involved in the homeostasis of glucose and lipid in that they regulate insulin secretion and remove excess cholesterol from the body. Sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) is a subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels, which regulate insulin secretion from ...

Peptide YY (PYY) antisecretory effect on intestinal epithelia is well established, whereas less is known about its actions to influence colonic motility in conscious animals. We characterized changes in basal function and stimulated colonic motor function induced by PYY-related peptides in conscious mice. PYY(3-36), PYY, and neuropeptide Y (NPY) (8 nmol/kg) injected intraperitoneally inhibited ...

Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted postprandially from the endocrine L cells of the gastrointestinal tract. PYY(3-36), the major circulating form of the peptide, is thought to reduce food intake in humans and rodents via high-affinity binding to the autoinhibitory neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor within the arcuate nucleus. We studied the effect of early light-phase injection of PYY(3-36) on food intake...

OBJECTIVE ABCG1 has recently been identified as a facilitator of cellular cholesterol and phospholipid efflux to high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Its expression in macrophages is induced during cholesterol uptake in macrophages and by liver X receptor (LXR). The role of macrophage ABCG1 in atherosclerotic lesion development is, however, still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To assess the role of ...

Glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36NH2) (GLP-1) and peptide YY(3-36NH2) (PYY(3-36NH2)) are cosecreted from the intestine in response to nutrient ingestion. Peripheral administration of GLP-1 or PYY(3-36NH2) decreases food intake (FI) in rodents and humans; however, the exact mechanisms by which these peptides regulate FI remain unclear. Male C57BL/6 mice were injected (ip) with exendin-4(1-39) (Ex4, a...

Among the known mechanisms of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), ATP binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1)-mediated free cholesterol (FC) transport is the most recent and least studied. Here, we have characterized the efficiencies of different acceptors using baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells transfected with human ABCG1 cDNA, which is inducible upon treatment with mifepristone. When normaliz...

Peptide YY (PYY) is secreted as a 36 amino acid, straight chain polypeptide, and is found in greatest concentrations in the terminal ileum, colon and rectum. After secretion, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) cleaves the N-terminal Tyrosine-Proline residues from PYY(1-36), producing PYY(3-36). PYY(1-36) acts at all four human Y receptors, Y1, Y2, Y4 and Y5, while PYY(336) is a specific Y2 recept...