STUDY DESIGN A literature review. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanisms of action and effectiveness of posterior dynamic stabilization devices in the management of painful spinal disorders. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Dynamic stabilization may provide pain relief by altering the transmission of abnormal loads across the degenerated disc space. METHODS A Medline search was conducted. RESUL...

Background: Viral load and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels may not be the key points for making a decision in the treatment of anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. The purpose of this study was to assess the histological evaluation of liver to find the need for treatment on 72 patients with anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B. Methods: The liver biopsy slides of the 72 patients (56 s...

.. this time. lt is then expected that the next generation of large tokamaks have to be deHigh energy deposition to in-vessel comsigned to withstand several hundreds of these ponents of fusion reactors is expected to disruptions. Another abnormal condition reoccur during abnormal operating conditions, sults when a neutral beam used in heating the This high energy dump in short times may replasm...

Background The gastrocnemius-soleus (G-S) muscle complex, the most dominant extrinsic plantar flexor, plays an important role in the normal weight-bearing function of the foot. The stability and stance-phase placement of the foot can be adversely affected when muscular loads/support are abnormal (e.g. equinus contracture) [1]. This study aims to formulate a three-dimensional musculoskeletal fin...

A definition of progressive collapse is offered and two examples of the phenomenon described. Attention is drawn to potential sources of abnormal loads that should be examined when designing for progressive collapse performance. A plane frame computer program is described for the collapse analysis of reinforced concrete frames using finite elements and a quasi-static approach. The paper conclud...

Posterior fixation of intervertebral discs is used to treat, and occasionally diagnose, discogenic pain since it is thought that it will reduce the internal loading of the discs in vitro. We measured the internal loading of ten intervertebral discs using stress profilometry under simulated physiological loads and then after posterior fixation. Partial discectomies were performed to simulate adv...

Introduction Working memory (WM) deficits in schizophrenia are well-documented. Functional MRI studies show abnormal activations of especially the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia patients performing WM tasks. According to the inverted U-function theory, participants exhibit a hyperfrontal response before WM capacity is exceeded whilst the response becomes hypofrontal after exceeding WM...

The success that banks have had deploying remote deposit capture has been tremendous over the past few years. The ability to decrease manual handling of checks and increases deposit breadth has certainly been a positive in what otherwise has not been the greatest of times in the banking community. However, as with any success along comes scrutiny. Echoes from the halls of Congress of not enough...

Production of nursery crops in the US is accomplished in containerand field-growing conditions, with propagation and seedling-rearing carried out in greenhouses; 11% of the US national farm-product is represented by these crops. Container-grown crops represent 60% of the US market and represent a highly labor-intensive and thus costly segment of ornamental crop production. The USDA, NASA and th...

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome, or hip impingement, is a musculoskeletal condition affecting the joint. It involves motion- position-related pain originating from an abnormal, premature contact between femoral head-neck junction (femur) and acetabular rim (rim around socket). Cumulative repetitive mechanical overloads at joint appear to contribute development of FAI. Ho...