Three-dimensional flows of liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) in a rectangular 3 to 1 abrupt contraction channel and a rectangular 1 to 3 abrupt expansion channel are numerically analyzed to investigate the molecular orientation behavior of LCPs in complex flows. A modified Doi model is used as a constitutive equation and MAC (marker and cell)-based finite difference method is employed for the ...

Formation of hydraulic jump is necessary for dissipation of the excess kinetic energy downstream of spillways and gates. Hydraulic jump stilling basins of sudden expansion are one of the energy dissipater structures which are used where the available tail water depth is less than the required sequent depths. In the present study to further reduce the hydraulic jump sequent depths ratio, a rough...

The powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction technique was used to study the thermal expansion behavior of the mixed valence layered compound, YbGa1.05Ge0.95 in the temperature range 3-1123 K. A surprising abrupt isosymmetric phase transition, accompanied by a dramatic volume increase (negative thermal expansion), was found at 5 K induced by a sudden Yb valence transition from +(2 + epsilon) toward...

Possible cause of an abrupt warming in winter mean surface air temperature in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the late 1980s is investigated using observation and reanalysis data. To determine the timing of abrupt warming, we use a regime shift index based on detection of the largest significant differences between the mean values of two contiguous periods. Results show that the ...

Abrupt climate changes have occurred repeatedly in the past when Earth system was forced across a threshold. A hysteresis with saddle nodes is best means to explain abruptness of system. Here, we study dynamic Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) Stommel's box model and an subject freshwater flux forcing (FWF). In model, area loop increases increasing FWF frequency, thus abrupt tr...