In this paper we have combined fundamental analysis and contingent claim analysis into a hybrid model of credit risk measurement. We have extended the standard Merton approach to estimate a new risk neutral distance to default metric, assuming a more complex capital structure, adjusting for dividend payments, introducing randomness to the default point and allowing a fractional recovery when de...

The paper analyzes proposed accounting for financial instruments, specifically the practice of a debtor reducing the carrying value of debt and recognizing a gain as the debtor's own credit quality deteriorates. A numerical example based on Boston Chicken in 1997 shows how several common ratios provide opposite signals under current versus proposed accounting. A discussion of the example raises...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of non-financial information analysis and risk-return analysis along with financial information in increasing the selected banks and financial institutions of Tehran Stock Exchange portfolio efficiency. To evaluate the efficiency of the portfolio, the Treynor's ratio was used and attempted to determine the Treynor's ratio of the selected opt...

The main objective of this study is to give the insight of describing mixing accounting ratios and macroeconomic variables as the risk factors in Iran. The results indicate a significant relationship between book to market ratio, financial leverage, size factors and expected stock returns in the Iranian market. In consistent with the other studies, we came to the conclusion that the term struct...

Credit ratings and accounting-based Altman Z-scores are two important sources of information for assessing the creditworthiness of firms. In this paper we build a model based on a double Hidden Markov Model, (DHMM), to extract information about the “true” credit qualities of firms from both the Z-scores evaluated from the accounting ratios of the firms and their posted credit ratings. The evolu...

The literature presents a clear divide between the so called market and accounting based approaches to bankruptcy prediction. With this in mind, this paper employs the discrete time hazard model framework of Shumway (2001) to test the information content of both market and accounting based models using Australian data. We …nd that market based models signi…cantly outperformed accounting based m...

in the recent years, the relationship between diversification and performance became an important empirical subject in financial management. diversification strategies can affect the competitive balance of an industry. in this survey we are to illustrate the relationship between the two variables of diversification and financial ratios as performance criteria based on accounting through statist...