OBJECTIVE To investigate the risk between throwing workload and upper limb injury in elite cricketers. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Elite Australian cricket. PARTICIPANTS 28 adult male cricketers aged 18-32 years. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Daily throwing workload and injury were prospectively monitored over the 2007-2008 cricket season. Risk ratios (RRs) were calculated to ...

Throwing is a major behavioral component of hominid evolution. Comparison of this behavior across a broad range of non-human primate species is needed to elucidate the phylogenetic constraints on throwing behavior. In this study of stone-throwing in Japanese macaques, we present a systematic multi-group comparison of the frequency and prevalence of this behavior as well as detailed descriptions...

BACKGROUND Despite the recognized importance of proper 3-dimensional motion of the scapula in throwers, minimal research has quantified scapular position and orientation in throwing athletes. HYPOTHESIS Throwing athletes exhibit scapular position and orientation differences when compared to nonthrowing control subjects. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS Scapular position ...

BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of long-toss throwing in baseball as a component of arm conditioning, interval throwing programs, and rehabilitation, long-toss distance and throwing mechanics remain controversial. PURPOSE To ascertain the perceived definition of long-toss throwing through a survey of professional pitchers, pitching coaches (PCs), and certified athletic trainers (ATCs) assoc...

BACKGROUND Glenohumeral internal rotation (GIR) and total arc of motion (TAM) decrease, whereas external rotation (GER) may increase in throwing. Although decreased GIR has been documented after throwing, its time course for recovery and the effect of pitching role have not. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES We therefore asked (1) how much rotational change occurs after a single throwing episode; (2) do the...

Baseball-specific athleticism, potential, and performance have been difficult to predict. Increased muscle strength and power can increase throwing velocity but the majority of research has focused on the upper body. The present study sought to determine if bilateral or unilateral lower-body field testing correlates with throwing velocity. Baseball throwing velocity scores were correlated to th...

BACKGROUND Information on baseball injury prevention and pitch count recommendations is growing, however, the incidence of throwing injuries continues to rise. This study is the first to assess knowledge of safe throwing guidelines and risk factors from the perspective of youth athletes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) to evaluate knowledge of safe throwing guidelines and (...

Throwing velocity is an important baseball performance variable for baseball pitchers, because greater throwing velocity results in less time for hitters to make a decision to swing. Throwing velocity is also an important baseball performance variable for position players, because greater throwing velocity results in decreased time for a runner to advance to the next base. This study compared t...

PURPOSE The aims of the present study were: (1) to compare the differences in the ball release speed and throwing accuracy between the ABOVE and SIDE throw; (2) to analyze kinematic differences of these two throwing techniques; and (3) to give practical applications to team handball coaches and players. METHODS Ball release speed, throwing accuracy, and kinematics were measured via the Vicon ...