An in vitro gas production technique was used to screen different organic acids (formic, propionic, lactic, citric, and fumaric acid), organic salts (calcium formate, potassium sorbate, and sodium benzoate), and inorganic phosphoric acid for their ability to modulate microbial fermentation in the digestive tract of piglets. For the incubation, 40 ml of culture medium (53% buffer, 45% frozen ile...

Diet formulation and feeding strategies may be used to boost the pigs’ immune system and reduce the negative impact of weaning. Post-weaning diarrhea can be reduced or prevented by feeding diets that have low concentrations of crude protein. Such diets may supply fewer amino acids than recommended and pig growth rate may be reduced, but if pigs are provided a diet with a normal or elevated conc...

Introduction Soft drinks are complex mixtures containing a variety of substances such as coloring compounds, flavoring agents, acidifiers, sweeteners, preservatives, and caffeine. Acidulants reduce the soft drink’s pH and thereby assist in beverage preservation for long-term storage. Acidulants can also be used as chelating agents, buffers, coagulators, and flavoring agents. In the latter role,...

Winemaking of musts acidified with up to 3g/L of gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) and tartaric acid, both individually and in combination, as well as a chemical modeling have been carried out to study the behaviour of these compounds as acidifiers. Prior to fermentation gypsum and tartaric acid reduce the pH by 0.12 and 0.17 pH units/g/L, respectively, but while gypsum does not increase the total acidity an...

Seven clinical cases of obstructive urolithiasis in buffalo calves were managed by tube cystostomy with Foley’s catheter at TVCC, IIVER, Rohtak. The median time of onset of free flow of urine from the external urethral orifice in the animals was 10 days with the range of 8-12 days. Diagnosis of the disease was made on the basis of a history of anuria and clinical signs (anuria, inappetance to a...