OBJECTIVE The growing demand for enhanced esthetic appearance has led to great developments in bleaching products. The exposure of hard tissues of the tooth to bleaching agents can affect the roughness of the enamel surface. The freshly bleached enamel surface exposed to various surface treatments such as fluoride and other remineralizing agents have been assessed in this study. The aim of this...

BACKGROUND The effects of fluoride and CPP-ACP before bracket bonding on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets have been reported with contradicting results. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different preventive agents namely; casein phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP), fluoride-containing-CPP-ACP (CPP-ACPF) and 5% sodium fluoride (5%...

Objective: To assess the effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride gel (APF), sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste (CPP-ACPF) on the dental erosion produced by coca cola in primary and permanent teeth. Design: Sixty extracted human primary molars (n = 30) and young permanent premolars (n = 30) were used in this study. The coronal porti...

An adversarial version of the problem of cooperative path-finding (CPF) in graphs is addressed. Two or more teams of agents compete in finding paths in the graph to given destination vertices. The task is to control agents of a selected team so that its agents reach their destinations before agents of adversaries. Tactics such a blocking agents of the adversary or protecting own agents are allo...

High-level ab initio (CCSD(T), CBS-QB3 and CASSCF, CASPT2, MR-ACPF, MR-ACPF-2) and density functional theory (B3LYP) calculations were carried out to study the dimerization of phosphaacetylene or phosphaethyne (HCP). Seventeen low energy closed-shell and five open-shell phosphaacetylene dimers were found on the potential energy surface. Two head-to-head, one head-to-tail and three other dimeriz...

objectives: this study aimed to assess the effect of applying casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) paste, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (cpp-acpf) paste and sodium fluoride gel on surface microhardness of enamel after microabrasion. materials and methods: thirty freshly extracted human premolars were selected. all samples were subjected to har...

A three-dimensional potential energy surface for the ground electronic state of MgH2 has been constructed from 9030 symmetry-unique ab initio points calculated using the icMRCI+Q method with aug-cc-pVnZ basis sets for n=3, 4, and 5, with core-electron correlation calculated at the MR-ACPF level of theory using cc-pCVnZ basis sets, with both calculations being extrapolated to the complete basis ...